, Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as
which of the following?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Spontaneous ventilation
d. Mechanical ventilation
CORRECT ANSWER:- C
Explanation :->>> The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as
ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be
spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen
(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary
capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
DIFFICULT: 1 REFERENCE: page. 3
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
a. Red blood cells and body cells
b. Scalenes and trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries
d. External oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles
CORRECT ANSWER:- C
Explanation :->>>External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide (CO 2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of
oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External
oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
, DIFFICULT: 1 REFERENCE: page. 3
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal
spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
CORRECT ANSWER:- B
Explanation :->>>During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
drops from about -5 cm H 2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at end-
inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm
H2O to -10 cm H2O.
DIFFICULT: 1 REFERENCE: page. 4
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
b. + 1 cm H2O
c. 0 cm H2O
d. 5 cm H2O
CORRECT ANSWER:- A
Explanation :->>>-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become
during normal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal
spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H 2O.
DIFFICULT: 1 REFERENCE: page. 3
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the
following?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA )
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT)
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR)
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL)
CORRECT ANSWER:- D
Explanation :->>>The definition of transpulmonary pressure (P L) is the pressure
required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (P TA ) is the
pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes.
Transrespiratory pressure (P TR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways
, during positive pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (P TT) represents the
pressure required to expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same
time.
DIFFICULT: 1 REFERENCE: page. 3
6. Compute the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive
pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (P Aw) is 35 cm H 2O and
the alveolar pressure (P A) is 5 cm H2O.
a. 7 cm H2O
b. 30 cm H2O
c. 40 cm H2O
d. 175 cm H2O
CORRECT ANSWER:- B
Explanation :->>>The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to compute the
pressure required to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilation.
This formula is P TA = Paw - PA.
DIFFICULT: 2 REFERENCE: page. 3
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form
after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance
d. Distending pressure
CORRECT ANSWER:- A
Explanation :->>>The elastance of a structure is the tendency of that structure
to return to its original shape after being stretched. The more elastance a
structure has, the more difficult it is to stretch. The compliance of a structure is
the ease with which the structure distends or stretches. Compliance is the
opposite of elastance. Viscous resistance is the opposition to movement offered
by adjacent structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs. Distending
pressure is pressure required to maintain inflation, for example alveolar
distending pressure.
DIFFICULT: 1 REFERENCE: page. 4
8. Compute the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an
intubated client with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H2O.
a. 6 cm H2O
b. 26.7 cm H2O
c. 37.5 cm H2O
d. 41.5 cm H2O
CORRECT ANSWER:- B
Explanation :->>> C = V/ P then P = V/ C
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