©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
NSG 2271, Chapter 25, Addiction and
Substance Related Disorders. Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
One of the goals of healthy people 2020 is to - answer✔reduce substance abuse to protect the
health, safety, and quality of life for all, especially children.
Addiction - answer✔A condition of continued use of substances (or reward seeking behaviors)
despite adverse consequences.
Substance related disorders are categorized into two categories: - answer✔substance use
disorders and substance induced disorders
Substance induced disorders - answer✔occur when medications used for other health
problems or medical/mental health disorders cause intoxication, withdrawal, or other health
related problems.
Substance use disorder - answer✔occurs when an individual continues using substances despite
cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms.
The DSM-5 identifies 10 diagnostic categories of substances including: - answer✔alcohol,
caffeine, cannabis (marijuana), hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedative-hypnotics,
stimulants, tobacco and others.
Why is gambling disorder included within the substance use disorder category? -
answer✔Because gambling can activate the brain's reward system similar to the substance use
disorders.
A substance use disorder occurs when there is an underlying change in brain circuitry that may
persists after - answer✔detoxification
Detoxification - answer✔the process of safely and effectively withdrawing a person from an
addictive substance, usually under medical supervision.
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In the U.S., _____ is the most abused substance, followed by _____. - answer✔alcohol;
marijuana
Alcohol use is at historically low levels for adolescents. In 2013, _____% of 8th graders, _____%
of 10th graders, and _____% of 12th graders reported getting drunk in the past month. -
answer✔3.5%; 12.8%, 26%
In 2013, _____% of high school seniors reported binge drinking. - answer✔22.1% (a drop of
almost one third since the late 1990s)
Illicit drug use among adolescents is on the rise. In 2013, _____% of 8th graders, _____% of
10th graders, and _____% of 12th graders used marijuana within the last 12 months. -
answer✔7%; 18%; 22.7%
In 2013, _____% of high school seniors used a prescription drug non-medically in the past year.
- answer✔15%
Adderall, a stimulant composed of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine used to treat
attention hyperactivity disorder was used by _____% of high school seniors for non-medical
reasons. - answer✔7.4%
Fewer teens smoke cigarettes, _____% than marijuana, _____%. - answer✔9.6% - cigarettes;
15.6% - marijuana
the use of other forms of tobacco are increasing with _____% of 12th graders smoking hookah
water pipes at some point during the past year, an increase from _____% in 2012. -
answer✔21.4%; 18.3% in 2012
The use of illicit and legal substances among Asians is consistently _____ than in other ethnic
groups. - answer✔lower
In 2012, current illicit drug use was _____% among Asians, _____% among Native Hawaiians or
Other Pacific Islanders, _____% among Hispanics, _____% among whites, _____% among blacks
or African Americans, _____% among American Indians or Alaska Natives, and _____% among
persons of two or more races. - answer✔3.7% (Asians); 7.8% (Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific
Islanders); 8.3% (Hispanics); 9.2% (Whites); 11.3% (Blacks or African Americans); 12.7%
(American Indians or Alaska Natives); and 14.8% (person of two or more races)
Statistics in illicit drug use has been relatively stable since 2002 except for whites increasing
from _____ to _____% and Blacks increasing from _____ to _____%. - answer✔Whites - 8.5 to
9.2%; Blacks - 9.7 to 11.3%
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The highest use of alcohol was among whites at _____% and persons reporting two or more
races at _____%, followed by Blacks at _____%, Hispanics at _____%, American Indians or
Alaska Natives at _____%, and Asians at _____%. - answer✔Whites - 57.4%; Two or more races
- 51.9%; Blacks - 43.2%; Hispanics - 41.8%; American Indians or Alaska Natives - 41.7%; and
Asians - 36.9%.
The highest tobacco use was reported among the American Indians or Alaska Natives at
_____%, followed by person of two or more races at _____%, whites at _____%; Blacks at
_____%, Hispanics at _____%, and Asians at _____%. - answer✔American Indians or Alaska
Natives - 48.4%; Persons of two or more races - 37.3%; whites - 29.2%; Blacks - 27.2%; Hispanics
- 19.2%; and Asians - 10.8%.
Nurses should be aware that patients who abuse substances often have: - answer✔psychotic,
anxiety or mood disorders (other co-existing disorders include attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, ADHD)
Individuals who abuse substances are at high risk for death from drug overdoses and are at
increased risk for death from other causes including: - answer✔homicide, suicide, and
opportunistic infections (such as HIV) secondary to drug injection
Earlier studies have documented the connection between alcohol abuse and increased risk for:
- answer✔diabetes mellitus (DM), gastrointestinal problems, hypertension, liver disease, and
stroke
Etiology for substance abuse: - answer✔Human and animal studies confirm a genetic
predisposition for drinking behaviors and self-administering mind-altering drugs, but there is no
precise genetic marker established.
Temperament, self-concept, age, motivation for change, social consequences for problematic
behaviors, parental and family relationships and peer pressure contribute to expression of
substance abuse.
_____ results from drinking alcohol during pregnancy. - answer✔Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Addictions can lead to: - answer✔loss of jobs and family relationships
Use of illegal substances can lead to: - answer✔arrest and prison
The treatment goal for persons abusing substances is to: - answer✔recover from the abuse
Specific withdrawal symptoms depends on - answer✔the addictive substance
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The withdrawal process usually involves - answer✔detoxification
Types of Substances and Related Disorders - answer✔1. Alcohol
2. Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, Methamphetamine, MDA and Other Club Drugs,
Nicotine, Caffeine
3. Cannabis
4. Hallucinogens
5. Prescription and OTC Drugs
6. Opioids and Morphine Derivatives
7. Inhalants
8. Steroids
Alcohol or ethanol - answer✔found in various proportions in liquor, wine, and beer relaxes
inhibitions and heightens emotions. Mood swings can range from bouts of gaiety to angry
outbursts.
Cognitive impairments from drinking alcohol can vary from - answer✔reduced concentration or
attention span to impaired judgment and memory.
Alcohol produces a _____ effect by suppressing the central nervous system (CNS). -
answer✔sedative
Depending on the amount of alcohol ingested, the effects can range from - answer✔feelings of
mild sedation and relaxation to confusion and serious impairment of motor function and
speech to severe intoxication that can result in coma, respiratory failure, and death.
All patients should be screened not only for alcohol use disorder, but for drinking patterns or
behaviors that may place them at increased risk for experiencing adverse health effects of
alcoholism, using what frequently used screening tool: - answer✔CAGE questionnaire
CAGE Questionnaire - answer✔consists of four self-report responses to questions about
1. respondents' beliefs of cutting down on their drinking,
2. their experience of others criticizing their drinking,
3. the presence of guilt about drinking, and
4. early morning drinking
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