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PSY 1101 Final Review uOttawa questions with complete solutions
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PSY 1101 Final Review uOttawaquestions with complete solutions
Aristotle - correct answer ✔✔Observation and questioning to understand the body-psyche relationship.
Theorized about learning, memory, motivation, emotion, etc.
Wilhelm Wundt - correct answer ✔✔Creator of the first psychological lab
Structuralism - correct answer ✔✔used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind; like
studying a disassembled car
Introspection - correct answer ✔✔"looking inward" reporting elements of individual experience
Edward Bradford Titchener - correct answer ✔✔Structuralist; used introspection
Functionalism - correct answer ✔✔explored how mental and behavioural processes function - how they
enable organisms to adapt, survive, flourish
William James - correct answer ✔✔Functionalist; wrote Principles of Psychology in 1980
Mary Whiton Calkins - correct answer ✔✔First female president of American Psychological Association
Margaret Floy Washburn - correct answer ✔✔First woman to receive a psychology Ph.D. Wrote The
Animal Mind
Behaviourism - correct answer ✔✔"science of mental life" the view that psychology should be an
objective science that studies behaviour without reference to mental processes
,B.F. Skinner - correct answer ✔✔behaviourist; rejected introspection and studied how consequences
shape behaviour
Freudian Psychology - correct answer ✔✔emphasized the ways our unconscious thought processes and
our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behaviour
Sigmund Freud - correct answer ✔✔The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and
therapist have influenced humanity's self-understanding
humanistic psychology - correct answer ✔✔historically significant perspective that emphasized the
growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth
Cognitive Psychology - correct answer ✔✔importance of how our mind processes and retains
information. Explored ways we perceive, process, and remember information
cognitive neuroscience - correct answer ✔✔the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with
cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
Natural Selection - correct answer ✔✔the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations,
those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Charles Darwin - correct answer ✔✔argued natural selection shaped behaviours as well as bodies.
Wrote On the Origin of Species
evolutionary psychology - correct answer ✔✔the study of the evolution of behaviour and the mind,
using principles of natural selection
Behaviour genetics - correct answer ✔✔the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and
environmental influences on behaviour
Culture - correct answer ✔✔the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a
group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
,positive psychology - correct answer ✔✔the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of
discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
levels of analysis - correct answer ✔✔biological influences, psychological influences, social-cultural
influences
basic research - correct answer ✔✔pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
applied research - correct answer ✔✔scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
counseling psychology - correct answer ✔✔a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in
living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
psychiatry - correct answer ✔✔a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by
physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological
therapy
Community psychology - correct answer ✔✔a branch of psychology that studies how people interact
with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
testing effect - correct answer ✔✔enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading,
information
hindsight bias - correct answer ✔✔the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
Overconfidence - correct answer ✔✔being more confident than correct
Perception of Patterns - correct answer ✔✔people perceive patterns to make sense of the real world.
Even in random, unrelated data, people find order.
, intuition - correct answer ✔✔an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with
explicit, conscious reasoning
Qualities needed for "scientific attitude" - correct answer ✔✔Curiosity, Skepticism, Humility
Characteristics of Critical Thinking - correct answer ✔✔Examine assumptions, appraise the source,
discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, assess conclusions
Scientific Method - correct answer ✔✔a self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observation
and analysis
Theory - correct answer ✔✔an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition - correct answer ✔✔a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in
a research study
Replication - correct answer ✔✔repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different
participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and
circumstances
case study - correct answer ✔✔a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in
depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
naturalistic observation - correct answer ✔✔a descriptive technique of observing and recording
behaviour in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
survey - correct answer ✔✔a descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors
of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
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