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Exam (elaborations) NR 565/ NR565 (NR565)
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NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm - Chamberlain new
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm - ChamberlainStudy online at https://quizlet.com/_d0he6t
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term consequences?: 1st trimester (fetus most at
risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for
elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450): liver enzyme system where medica-
tions are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug
interactions
4. CYP450 inducers: Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug
has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, ri-
fampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers
like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug names: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amio-
darone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics
and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?: increase glomerular filtration rate
leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic: Antiepileptic drugs, an-
timicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses,
some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?: -
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?: de-
layed gastric emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?: glu-
cocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus
with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15. what should be included in medication administration patient education?-
: dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
, NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm - Chamberlain
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d0he6t
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse
drug reactions?: reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
17. How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient
experiencing an adverse drug reaction?: obtaining a thorough drug history that
includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
18. How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?: simpli-
fying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
19. Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?: Need nitrate free
interval so tolerance doesn't develop
20. Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?: Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
, NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm - Chamberlain
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d0he6t
patho
age
bodyweight
21. Do you need informed consent for genetic testing?: yes
22. What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act?-
: Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based
on genetic information
23. Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority?: Practice
authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician over-
sight, whereas prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to
prescribe medications independently and without limitations.
24. Who regulates prescriptive authority?: the jurisdiction of a health professional
board. This may be the State Board of Nursing, the State Board of Medicine, or the
State Board of Pharmacy, as determined by each state.
25. What is scope of practice determined by?: is determined by state practice
and licensure laws.
26. What is full practice authority?: Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to
evaluate patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treat-
ments and prescribe medications, including controlled substances without physician
oversight.
27. What is reduced practice authority?: Nurse practitioners are limited in at least
one element of practice. The state requires a formal collaborative agreement with
an outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care. ex/
physician involvement for 5 yrs than independent
28. What is restricted practice authority?: Nurse practitioners are limited in at
least one element of practice by requiring supervision, delegation, or team man-
agement by an outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient
care.- typically doctor on site
29. What are components of Rx?: Prescriber Contact info
Prescribers name
NPI
DEA
Patient name
DOB
Date
Allergies
Medication name
Strength
Quantity
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