100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na je betaling Lees online óf als PDF Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten
logo-home
Eerder door jou gezocht
Eerder door jou gezocht
logo
Samenvatting Foundations of Law met alle teksten en alle lessen, inclusief de gastcolleges. €8,06
In winkelwagen
Snel navigeren naar
Voorbeeld
  2.  
  3. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  4.  
  5. Rechten
  6.  
  7. Foundations of Law

Samenvatting

Samenvatting Foundations of Law met alle teksten en alle lessen, inclusief de gastcolleges.

 1 keer verkocht

Dit is een samenvatting met alle notities van elke les van het vak Foundations of Law. Zowel de lessen die werden opgenomen, als diegene die niet werden opgenomen, zitten hierin verwerkt. Ook de powerpoint en de gastcolleges zitten er mee in.

Voorbeeld 4 van de 101  pagina's

Document informatie

  • 21 januari 2025
  • 101
  • 2024/2025
  • Samenvatting

Onderwerpen

Geschreven voor

Alle documenten voor dit vak (3)

Verkoper

avatar-seller
Tinever

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Week 1 – les 1

what is “foundation of Law”?
Session 1: theoretical and historical foundations

Why is it important to know the foundations of law?
 Understanding legal systems and their functioning
 Critical evaluation of law
o Where does it come from?
 Navigating legal practice
o Trying to understand different texts and constitutions etc.
 Contextualizing Legal Education and Practice
o It does give more context
 Global and Comparative Perspectives

What are the foundations of law?
 Internal foundations
o Legal doctrines, reasoning, rules and structures
 Without these, it’s difficult to imagine a legal system:
 They don’t have to be the same everywhere
 There are different shapes and forms
o Reasoning:
 The process, the judges, how to come to a conclusion?
o You need the internal foundations to understand the law
o It is within the legal system
 External foundations
o Historical, societal, philosophical influences
o Historical:
 The legal systems are influenced by different big happenings
in the history.
 Example: the common law
o Societal:
 Laws respond to social change and cultural change
o Philosophical:
 Why do we have a legal system?
 What’s the origin?
o It is more a broader context
 What kind of questions does help us to analyse why law works?
o What are the principals of law?
o What are the basic items that all legal systems have?
o Legal systems require some features that they need to
function/work

Historical foundations of Western legal systems:



1

,  Code of Hammurabi
o Codification, written law
 That’s a important term to stay transparent and stable
because everybody can see how the rules are written down
o This is the oldest legal code (1800 V.C.)
o Mesopotamia
o There are different punishments and that’s important fort he
foundation of law
 Greek Law
o Plato, Aristotle: Natural Law
o An important development is the relation between law and justice
o The Greek people are worried about the origin of justice
o Law is not jus tan addition of different rules
 Roman Law
o Civil Law vs. Law of Nations
o The Justinian codification
o Laws could be interpretative

Historical foundations of Western legal systems
 Canon Law ( Religious Influence on Law)
o Religious influence is really important because it gavve a legal frame
work
o It play(ed) a very important role
o It’s not justice in the Greek sense but in the religious sense
 Common Law (England: Case Law, Stare Decisis)
o Is developed and involved in England
o Star decisisa;
 You do not deviate unless it is for a very important reason
o It’s more flexible
o They exported this system to a other countries like America
 Enlightenment Thought (Social Contract Theories, Hobbes, Locke
o They focused on concepts
o Example; Locke and the natural rights “life, liberty and property”
o They changed the focus
o They see law more like a product of reason and consent
 Constitutionalism
o This is about revolutions
 American revolutions
 The French revolution

Theoretical foundations of law

 How can we bring harmony in these theories?
 Natural law
 Legal positivism
 Legal realism
 Critical Legal Studies



2

,Natural Law Theory
 Laws are derived from inherent moral principles
o These are principles that exist independent from the human
influence
 Aristotle, Aquinas and later thinkers like Kant
 Aristotle; for a law to be valid, it need to be in accordance with the
morality
o Morality is an inherent part of law
o He thought that the natural law reflected the will of God
 Valid law must align with morality or justice
 Aristotle: the content of ‘natural’ justice (or universal law) is set by nature
o Which renders it immutable and valid in all communities

Legal Positivism
 law is valid if created by proper authority and follows established
procedures
 Important authors of L.P. are Hart, Austin
 Separation of law and morality
 There is a big difference with nature law

The existence of a law is one thing, Its merits or demerits are
another thing. Whether a law be, is one inquiry; whether it ought
to be or whether it agrees with a given or assumed test, is
another and a distinct inquiry.” – John Austin

Legal Realism
 This lays the focus on how law functions in practice, not just in theory
o Natural law and legal positivism had more focus on
constitution/abstract concepts
 It focus on how law actually works, so it is less abstract
o Judges, social context and institutional behaviour shape the law
 Legal systems are influenced by social things the opinion of
the judge
 Law is not logical because there are influences

The life of the law has not been logic: it has been
experience.” - Oliver Wendell Holmes.

Critical Legal studies
 Law as a tool of power, reinforcing social hierarchies
 Legal decisions often reflect the interests of dominant (social) groups
 It questions the neutrality of law
 This is a more recent and also more radical theory, but it’s very actual
 Law is not neutral or objective, it is for power
 Law can’t be independent of politics or ideologies




3

,  Question “ which theory do you like more or less, what
are the positive/negative points”

Institutional Foundations of Law
 Role of courts
o Judicial interpretation, precedent
o Courts are the institutions that are responsible
 What does the court do?
o They have a crucial role
o It are the courts who ensure that the law is applicable correctly and
systematically
 The government controls the courts
 Legislatures and law-making

Legal Reasoning and precedent
 Precedent:
o Once a supreme court makes a decision, the lower court must
respect and applicable that decision
o This means that the high courts have a big responsibility
 Are the precedents unique fort he common law?
o No, we departed from the supreme courts
o It used to be unique, but it is more and more common in legal
systems
 How legal reasoning evolves through case law and statutes
o They form the basis of how it is formed
 You have to understand the institutional foundations

Globalisation and the Foundations of law
 Interaction between national and international legal systems
 International institutions shaping domestic law (UN, ECtHR, ICC)
 Globalisation
o It influences the national legal system
 How?  by setting standards
 What is a war? What is a crime against humanity?
o Legal systems are also entities so it has to interact with other legal
system
o This interaction between different legal systems is very important
o This interaction create different challenges and opportunities
 As an example: which law do you need to applicable?
 International law or national law?
 You have extern legal systems
o The different systems need to interact
 As example: the own foundations

Session 2: what is Law?

What is Law ( like Hart’s Perspective)


4

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Tinever. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €8,06. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 65040 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen

Laatst bekeken door jou

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

NR 509 Week 3 Neurology SOAP Note (version 1) 2019/2020, complete template solutions.

Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·

(0)

ATI PN COMPREHENSIVE PREDICTOR FORM A, B AND C. Questions & Answers; Latest

Samenvatting ·

(0)

Maatschappelijk Verantwoord Ondernemen (2e druk; Samenvatting H4 t/m H8 & H10)
€8,06  1x  verkocht
  • (0)
In winkelwagen
Toegevoegd