,Inhoud
Voorwoord.................................................................................................................................................... 6
Studierichtingen....................................................................................................................................................7
Algemene voorwaarden........................................................................................................................................8
Structuur samenvatting........................................................................................................................................8
Digitalisering.........................................................................................................................................................8
Wat vind je van de samenvatting?........................................................................................................................8
Specific knowledge........................................................................................................................................ 9
Language and culture..................................................................................................................................... 9
Reference frameworks..........................................................................................................................................9
1. Dimensions of Hostede(5 steps)...................................................................................................................9
2. The model of Milton Bennett.....................................................................................................................11
3. The 3 steps of Pinto....................................................................................................................................13
4. The Onion model of culture.......................................................................................................................13
5. The Ice berg model.....................................................................................................................................14
Cultural elements(English culture).....................................................................................................................16
Sterotypes.......................................................................................................................................................16
Values and Norms...........................................................................................................................................17
Daily life..........................................................................................................................................................18
Literary genres and their characteristics............................................................................................................18
Crime literature..............................................................................................................................................18
Fantasy............................................................................................................................................................18
Postcolonial literature....................................................................................................................................18
Gothic novel....................................................................................................................................................19
Short story......................................................................................................................................................19
Literary periods and movements........................................................................................................................19
14th century(medieval literature)...................................................................................................................19
Elizabethan Era (16th century)........................................................................................................................20
Neoclassicism and englightment (18th century).............................................................................................20
Romanticism (1780-1830)..............................................................................................................................20
Victorian period (1830-1880).........................................................................................................................21
Late- Victorian period ( 1880-1914)...............................................................................................................21
Modernism (1914-1945).................................................................................................................................22
War Poetry......................................................................................................................................................22
Postmodernism (after 1945)..........................................................................................................................22
The angry young men..................................................................................................................23
1
, Literary concepts.................................................................................................................................................23
General...........................................................................................................................................................23
Style and style figures.....................................................................................................................................23
Prose...............................................................................................................................................................24
Story and story features.................................................................................................................................24
Poetry.............................................................................................................................................................24
Grammar..................................................................................................................................................... 24
1. Nouns...................................................................................................................................................... 24
Plural of the nouns..............................................................................................................................................24
Irregular formations for noun plurals.................................................................................................................25
Nouns ending in "-o"...........................................................................................................................................25
Nouns ending in "-f",...........................................................................................................................................25
"-fe".....................................................................................................................................................................25
Nouns of foreign origin.......................................................................................................................................26
INVARIABLE NOUNS............................................................................................................................................26
PLURAL FORM,....................................................................................................................................................26
SINGULAR MEANING...........................................................................................................................................26
ONLY PLURAL FORM...........................................................................................................................................26
PROPER NOUNS..................................................................................................................................................27
NATIONALITIES....................................................................................................................................................27
2. Possessives.............................................................................................................................................. 28
Rules for possesives............................................................................................................................................28
Double possessives.............................................................................................................................................29
Specifying and classifying possessives...........................................................................................................29
3. Possessive with ‘s or of?........................................................................................................................... 29
Rules for using possessive ’s...............................................................................................................................30
4. Personal pronouns................................................................................................................................... 32
5. Impersonal and indenite pronouns....................................................................................................... 34
6. Articles..................................................................................................................................................... 34
Definite article.....................................................................................................................................................34
Indefinite article..................................................................................................................................................34
7. Fixed common uses.................................................................................................................................. 34
8. Quantifiers and demonstratives............................................................................................................... 35
Quantifiers.........................................................................................................................................................35
9. Prepositions and prepositional phrases.................................................................................................... 35
10. Prepositions of place and movement...................................................................................................... 36
11. Adjective patterns................................................................................................................. 38
2
,12. Comparative and superlative adjectives.................................................................................................. 39
ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................39
TWO SYLLABLES..................................................................................................................................................39
THREE OR MORE SYLLABLES...............................................................................................................................40
IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES..............................................................................................40
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING-MODIFYING COMPARATIVES.......................................................................40
13. Other comparative patterns................................................................................................................... 41
14. Gradable and ungradable adjectives....................................................................................................... 41
Gradable..............................................................................................................................................................42
Non-gradable......................................................................................................................................................42
15. Adverb form and use.............................................................................................................................. 43
16. Adverb position...................................................................................................................................... 44
Front position......................................................................................................................................................44
Mid position........................................................................................................................................................45
End position........................................................................................................................................................45
17. Auxiliaries and have got......................................................................................................................... 46
18. Present simple or continuous................................................................................................................. 46
Present simple....................................................................................................................................................46
Present continuous.............................................................................................................................................46
Gebruik :.........................................................................................................................................................46
Gebruik :.........................................................................................................................................................46
19. Past simple and continuous ; used to and would.....................................................................................47
Past simple and continuous................................................................................................................................47
Past simple (I drew)........................................................................................................................................47
Past continuous (I was drawing).....................................................................................................................47
Used to and would..............................................................................................................................................47
Used to............................................................................................................................................................47
Would.............................................................................................................................................................47
Used to – Past Simple.....................................................................................................................................48
20. Past perfect simple and continuous........................................................................................................ 48
Past perfect.........................................................................................................................................................48
Past perfect continuous......................................................................................................................................48
21. Present perfect simple............................................................................................................................ 48
I have + auxiliary.................................................................................................................................................49
22. Present perfect continuous..................................................................................................................... 49
has/have + been + present participle.................................................................................................................49
23. State verbs............................................................................................................................ 49
3
,24. Predictions............................................................................................................................................. 50
simple future.......................................................................................................................................................50
future continuous...............................................................................................................................................51
future perfect......................................................................................................................................................51
future perfect continuous...................................................................................................................................51
25. Decisions,intentions and arrangements..................................................................................................52
26. Other ways of expressing the future....................................................................................................... 53
Be about to.........................................................................................................................................................53
Be on the point of...............................................................................................................................................53
Be due to.............................................................................................................................................................53
Be to....................................................................................................................................................................53
27. Future in the past................................................................................................................................... 54
USE 1 Future in Past............................................................................................................................................54
REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses..............................................................................................................55
28. Ability.................................................................................................................................................... 55
29. Possibility............................................................................................................................................... 56
Modal Verb + Base Verb.....................................................................................................................................56
May/Might/Could/Must + Base Verb.................................................................................................................56
Past Possibility....................................................................................................................................................57
Might Not vs. Could Not.....................................................................................................................................58
31. Obligation and necessity........................................................................................................................ 58
OBLIGATION........................................................................................................................................................58
NECESSITY...........................................................................................................................................................58
32. Prohibition and criticism......................................................................................................................... 59
33. Verb patterns......................................................................................................................................... 59
34. Introductory there and it........................................................................................................................ 60
There...................................................................................................................................................................60
It..........................................................................................................................................................................61
35. Common expressions with there and it................................................................................................... 63
36. Infinitive patterns................................................................................................................................... 63
37. Verb -ing forms; verb + -ing form or infinitive?........................................................................................ 63
38. Relative clauses...................................................................................................................................... 64
Defining...............................................................................................................................................................64
Non-defining.......................................................................................................................................................65
Comment clause.................................................................................................................................................66
39. Pronouns, adverbs and prepositions in relative clauses...........................................................................66
40. Participle clauses................................................................................................................... 66
4
,41. Infinitive clauses..................................................................................................................................... 66
42. Noun clauses and other noun structures................................................................................................66
Tips for speaking exam................................................................................................................................. 67
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................67
Professional sentence starters............................................................................................................................67
Saying goodbye...................................................................................................................................................67
Saying thank you in a professional way..............................................................................................................67
Words not to use and which ones you should use.............................................................................................68
Tips for writing exam................................................................................................................................... 68
Opening:..............................................................................................................................................................68
Introducing points...............................................................................................................................................69
Presenting ideas and giving examples................................................................................................................69
Expressing result and reason..............................................................................................................................69
Contrasting..........................................................................................................................................................69
Concluding..........................................................................................................................................................69
Opinion................................................................................................................................................................69
Connectors..........................................................................................................................................................70
Brieven en mails schrijven..................................................................................................................................72
Klachtenbrief schrijven...................................................................................................................................75
Sollicitatiebrief................................................................................................................................................75
Algemene tips.............................................................................................................................................. 77
Verloop examen.......................................................................................................................................... 77
Mondeling...........................................................................................................................................................77
Schriftelijk...........................................................................................................................................................77
Structuur examen(vragen) ASO.................................................................................................................... 77
Mondeling...........................................................................................................................................................78
Schriftelijk...........................................................................................................................................................78
1. Luisteren.....................................................................................................................................................79
2. Lezen ..........................................................................................................................................................79
3. Schrijven.....................................................................................................................................................79
Vorige examenvragen.................................................................................................................................. 80
Mondeling ASO...................................................................................................................................................80
2018................................................................................................................................................................80
2019................................................................................................................................................................80
2020................................................................................................................................................................81
2021................................................................................................................................................................82
2022..............................................................................................................................................82
5
, 2023................................................................................................................................................................84
2024................................................................................................................................................................85
Voorbeelden antwoorden mondeling ASO.........................................................................................................85
Mondeling KSO/TSO............................................................................................................................................91
2019................................................................................................................................................................91
2020................................................................................................................................................................91
2021................................................................................................................................................................94
2022................................................................................................................................................................95
2024................................................................................................................................................................95
Schriftelijk ASO....................................................................................................................................................96
2018................................................................................................................................................................96
2020................................................................................................................................................................97
2021..............................................................................................................................................................101
Uitrekenen 2-ledige taalvakken.................................................................................................................. 102
Bibliografie................................................................................................................................................ 102
Eindwoord................................................................................................................................................. 102
VOORWOORD
Dit is een samenvatting voor de examencommissie voor het vak Engels in de 3 e graad ASO/KSO/TSO. Het is
opgesteld met behulp van de vakfiche van de examencommissie
voor 2024 en 2025 :
Talen richting:
Mondeling:
https://app.akov.be/pls/pakov/f?
p=EXCO_PUBLIC:1000::::1000:P1000_VAKFICHE_ID,P1000_VAK_ID,P1000_VAKFICHE_VERSIE_NOI_ID,P1000_G
ELDIGHEID_ID:1822,784,1614,2861
Schriftelijk:
https://app.akov.be/pls/pakov/f?
p=EXCO_PUBLIC:1000::::1000:P1000_VAKFICHE_ID,P1000_VAK_ID,P1000_VAKFICHE_VERSIE_NOI_ID,P1000_G
ELDIGHEID_ID:1183,785,1016,2862
Niet-talen richting:
Mondeling:
https://app.akov.be/pls/pakov/f?
p=EXCO_PUBLIC:1000::::1000:P1000_VAKFICHE_ID,P1000_VAK_ID,P1000_VAKFICHE_VERSIE_NOI_ID,P1000_G
ELDIGHEID_ID:1123,102,946,2859
Schriftelijk:
6
,https://app.akov.be/pls/pakov/f?
p=EXCO_PUBLIC:1000::::1000:P1000_VAKFICHE_ID,P1000_VAK_ID,P1000_VAKFICHE_VERSIE_NOI_ID,P1000_G
ELDIGHEID_ID:1132,103,954,2860
En voor KSO/TSO:
Mondeling:
https://app.akov.be/pls/pakov/f?
p=EXCO_PUBLIC:1000::::1000:P1000_VAKFICHE_ID,P1000_VAK_ID,P1000_VAKFICHE_VERSIE_NOI_ID,P1000_G
ELDIGHEID_ID:1161,963,982,2855
Schriftelijk:
https://app.akov.be/pls/pakov/f?
p=EXCO_PUBLIC:1000::::1000:P1000_VAKFICHE_ID,P1000_VAK_ID,P1000_VAKFICHE_VERSIE_NOI_ID,P1000_G
ELDIGHEID_ID:1171,964,992,2856
Aangezien de vakfiche van KSO/TSO niet zo veel verschilt van de vakfiche van ASO, is het mogelijk om een
samenvatting voor beiden te maken. Indien er iets veranderd is, staat dit duidelijk aangegeven in de
samenvatting.
Aangezien er een nieuw leerstofoverzicht komt, is deze samenvatting dus nog geldig tot september 2025. Zodra
de examencommissie een leerstofoverzicht publiceert, werk ik aan een nieuwe samenvatting. Dit zal ik
proberen in hetzelfde document te doen, zodat er geen extra kosten in rekening moeten worden gebracht voor
de mensen die hun examen na september 2025 willen doen. Echter weet ik niet hoe veel werk dit zal kosten,
dus kan ik niet met zekerheid zeggen dat ik een samenvatting klaar heb in september 2025.
Ik zal in de samenvatting niet telkens kunnen verwijzen naar de vakfiche aangezien de vakfiches heel algemeen
zijn. Er wordt niet specifiek vermeld welke leerstof je moet kennen (behalve voor het specifieke gedeelte bij de
talen-richtingen). Om die reden heb ik ook een samenvatting voor beide (talen en niet-talenrichtingen) kunnen
maken. De talen-richtingen moeten gewoon het specifieke deel nog leren, wat de andere richtingen niet
hoeven te doen 😊
STUDIERICHTINGEN
Voor de 3e graad ASO (talen en niet-talen richtingen) dus:
TALEN-RICHTINGEN
Economie-moderne talen
Latijn-moderne talen
Moderne talen-wetenschappen
Moderne talen-wiskunde
NIET-TALEN RICHTINGEN (ZONDER SPECIFIEKE DEEL DUS)
Wetenschappen-wiskunde
Economie-wetenschappen
Economie-wiskunde
Humane wetenschappen
Latijn-wetenschappen
7
, Latijn-wiskunde
En voor de 3e graad KSO/TSO (ZONDER SPECIFIEKE DEEL) dus:
KSO
Beeldende vorming
Muziek
TSO
Farmaceutisch technisch assistent
Fotografie
Handel
Lichamelijke opvoeding en sport
Onthaal en public relations
Sociale en technische wetenschappen
Deze samenvatting kan ook gebruikt worden voor andere schoolinstituten dan de examencommissie aangezien
de vakfiches van de examencommissie opgesteld zijn aan de hand van de eindtermen van het secundair
onderwijs in Vlaanderen voor Engels. Indien je dit daarvoor zou willen gebruiken, raad ik je aan om wel even te
kijken naar de inhoudstafel om zeker te zijn dat je alle informatie hebt.
ALGEMENE VOORWAARDEN
Deze samenvatting mag niet verspreid worden aan mensen die niet tot het gezin behoren. Dit is
auteursrechtelijk beschermd en als dit verspreid wordt, ben ik genoodzaakt om acties te ondernemen.
STRUCTUUR SAMENVATTING
In het begin zie je de ‘specific knowledge’. Dit deel is dus enkel voor de talen-richtingen. Daarna wordt de
grammatica uitgelegd en daarna krijg je nog tips en vorige examenvragen. Ook heb ik een structuur toegevoegd
van hoe het examen er meestal uit ziet! Veel succes! 😊
DIGITALISERING
Ik probeer mijn samenvattingen zo makkelijk mogelijk te maken om te gebruiken. Sommige mensen drukken ze
af om zo bepaalde zaken te kunnen markeren of andere bedoelingen wat ik totaal begrijp. Toch snap ik ook dat
er steeds meer nood is aan digitalisering en om die reden heb ik een inhoudstafel waarop je kan klikken om
naar een bepaald onderdeel te gaan. Sommigen waren zich daar niet van bewust dus daarom dat ik het even
zeg zodat je dit kan gebruiken als je daar de behoefte voor hebt
WAT VIND JE VAN DE SAMENVATTING?
Ik vind het altijd leuk om feedback te krijgen. Ik steek hier veel moeite in en ik hoop dat ik op deze manier zo
veel mogelijk mensen kan laten slagen voor hun examen. Om die reden zou ik je willen vragen om een
beoordeling achter te laten. Dat zou echt veel voor mij betekenen 😊. Moest je toch nog opmerkingen hebben
over hoe het beter kan, mag je altijd iets laten weten in een berichtje.
Verder wens ik je nog veel succes met je examen en moesten er vragen zijn, aarzel dan niet om contact op te
nemen! 😊
8
, SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Het volgende deel (specific knowledge) is enkel voor de talen-richtingen. Niet talen-richtingen mogen dit deel
gewoon overslagen (ook humane wetenschappen). OOK TSO EN KSO MAG DIT OVERSLAAN
Ik heb dit deel in het Engels geschreven, omdat het zo makkelijker is om het uiteindelijk zelf uit te leggen in het
Engels. Moest je dit niet handig vinden, kan je het gewoon in google translate steken en dan heb je de leerstof
dan ook in het Nederlands 😊.
Ik heb in de balkjes onder de titel telkens gezet wat er in de vakfiche staat om je zo een duidelijker beeld te
geven.
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
REFERENCE FRAMEWORKS
begrippen van deze referentiekaders gebruiken om cultuuruitingen in teksten te omschrijven
begrippen van deze referentiekaders gebruiken om misverstanden tijdens interculturele
communicatie te herkennen en recht te zetten
1. DIMENSIONS OF HOSTEDE(5 STEPS)
POWER DIFFERENCE:
Hofstede defines power difference as the extent to which the less powerful members of
institutions or organisations in a country expect and accept that power is unequally
9
