Man and Nature: Present, Past and Future (NWIMB023C)
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Summary Man and Nature: Present, past and future (NWI-MB023C) Radboud University
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Man and Nature: Present, Past and Future (NWIMB023C)
Instelling
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
Detailed summary of the lectures from the course Man and Nature: Present, past and future. Note that lecture 16 and 17 are not summarized, but do include the self study questions and answers from 2020 about 16 and 17. The lectures are summarized in detail, including images. I completed this course ...
Man and Nature: Present, Past and Future (NWIMB023C)
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SusanneElise
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
BIOLOGY
YEAR 2
QUARTER 3
2020
Man and Nature:
Present, past and future
SUMMARY OF THE COURSE MAN AND NATURE
NWI-MB023C
ELISE REUVEKAMP
,Inhoud
0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Defining key terms................................................................................................................................ 5
2 The state of nature ............................................................................................................................... 5
Causes of nature’s decline................................................................................................................... 6
Turning the tide ................................................................................................................................... 7
Relationships between environmental themes .................................................................................. 7
Living planet index............................................................................................................................... 7
Underlying causes ............................................................................................................................... 9
Mini lectures:....................................................................................................................................... 9
Questions and answers self-study:.................................................................................................... 13
3 Gathering and interpreting data ........................................................................................................ 14
Organization of data gathering ......................................................................................................... 14
Presentation of spatial distribution................................................................................................... 14
Rarity of species ................................................................................................................................ 15
Mapping vs monitoring ..................................................................................................................... 15
Red lists ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 16
4 Visions of nature................................................................................................................................. 19
Visions of nature: determining your own position ........................................................................... 19
Images of nature ............................................................................................................................... 21
Conceptual socio-cultural framework ............................................................................................... 21
Images of relationships with nature.................................................................................................. 21
The position of science ...................................................................................................................... 22
Visions of nature: determining your own position 2......................................................................... 24
Visions of nature and nature management ...................................................................................... 25
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 26
5 References for nature......................................................................................................................... 29
Characterisation references and target images ................................................................................ 29
Types of references ........................................................................................................................... 29
Relationship references – target images ........................................................................................... 30
Historical or palaeoreferences .......................................................................................................... 30
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 32
6 Methodology – Dating techniques ..................................................................................................... 34
Dating methods: archaeological/historical ....................................................................................... 34
Dating methods: Incremental ........................................................................................................... 35
, Dating methods: Radiometric ........................................................................................................... 35
Chronologies...................................................................................................................................... 36
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 37
7 Methodology – Gathering historical data archaeology ...................................................................... 39
Species composition .......................................................................................................................... 39
Pre-depositional processes ............................................................................................................... 39
Taphonomic processes ...................................................................................................................... 39
Excavation methodologies ................................................................................................................ 40
Species identification ........................................................................................................................ 41
Reporting ........................................................................................................................................... 41
Interpretation of data........................................................................................................................ 41
Data sources ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Questions and answers self-study:.................................................................................................... 42
8 Methodology – Gathering historical data written sources ............................................................... 44
Primary and secondary sources ........................................................................................................ 44
Source critique/analysis .................................................................................................................... 44
Types of sources ................................................................................................................................ 44
Problems with written sources ......................................................................................................... 45
Written sources and qualitative data ................................................................................................ 45
Written sources and indirect and direct quantitative data............................................................... 45
Source of sources .............................................................................................................................. 45
Questions and answers self-study:.................................................................................................... 46
9 Methodology – Reconstructing the past ............................................................................................ 48
Vegetation reconstruction from pollen............................................................................................. 48
Eutrophication and acidification ....................................................................................................... 48
Climate............................................................................................................................................... 49
Desertification ................................................................................................................................... 49
Fish stocks reconstruction ................................................................................................................. 49
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 50
10 Geographical genesis........................................................................................................................ 51
Geological time scales ....................................................................................................................... 51
Glacials and interglacials ............................................................................................................... 51
Milankovic cycles ........................................................................................................................... 51
Role of ocean currents .................................................................................................................. 52
Role of albedo................................................................................................................................ 52
Role of volcanos ............................................................................................................................ 52
, Marine isotopes stages.................................................................................................................. 52
Ice caps .............................................................................................................................................. 53
Origination of ice-pushed ridges ................................................................................................... 53
Effects on vegetation..................................................................................................................... 53
Extent of Weichsalian glaciation ................................................................................................... 53
Post-weichselian sea level rise ...................................................................................................... 53
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 55
11 NW Europe in the Holocene ............................................................................................................. 57
Sea level rise ...................................................................................................................................... 57
Climate development and fluctuations ............................................................................................. 57
Changing river systems...................................................................................................................... 58
Vegetation developments ................................................................................................................. 58
Integrated landscape development in the Netherlands ................................................................... 60
12 Human influences in the Holocene – Earth colonization ................................................................. 64
Mass extinction ................................................................................................................................. 64
Human colonization .......................................................................................................................... 64
Animal colonization ........................................................................................................................... 65
Hypothesis to explain the fast extinctions ........................................................................................ 66
Population history of three species................................................................................................... 66
Viking expansion................................................................................................................................ 66
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 67
13 Human influences in the Holocene – Domestication and agriculture ............................................. 69
Origin of domestication and agriculture ........................................................................................... 69
Domesticated vs wild species ............................................................................................................ 69
Agricultural developments ................................................................................................................ 70
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 71
14 Human influences in the Holocene – Columbian exchange ............................................................. 73
Indo-European migrations................................................................................................................. 73
Pre-Columbian America..................................................................................................................... 73
Human population............................................................................................................................. 74
Factors underlying Indo-European dominance ................................................................................. 74
Trading............................................................................................................................................... 75
Questions and answers self-study..................................................................................................... 76
15 Human influences in the Holocene – Anthropocene ....................................................................... 77
What is the Anthropocene? .............................................................................................................. 77
Population growth ............................................................................................................................. 77
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