Athabasca University (AU )

____ is a counterconditioning procedure in which fear stimuli are placed on a hierarchy scale from least to most fearful. The individual is then trained to relax and with the therapist they work through those fear stimuli from least to most a. systematic desensitization b. virtual reality exposure therapy c. trace therapy d. aversion therapy - answer-systematic desensitization True/False: Staats and Staats research showed that if a negative word is paired with a certain ethnicity or race,...

Who originally said that change is the only constant? -answer-Roman philosopher Lucretius 2,000 years ago When was Darwins Origin of Species written? -answer-1859 Describe Darwin's theory of natural selection. -answer-There is, he argued, tremendous variation among the members of any given species. Some of these variations are well suited to current conditions; others are not. Individuals with favorable variations are more likely to survive and reproduce, so succeeding generations ar...

the most common cause of wrongful convictions - eyewitness error the 3 stages of memory - encoding, storage, retrieval how does distance affect encoding? - the farther witnesses are from the target, the less accurate they are are identifying the target how does emotional state (stress in particular) affect encoding? - high stress = less accuracy in identifying people weapon-focus effect - tendency for the presence of a weapon to draw attention to itself, impairing a witness's abilit...

1. Which glial are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the extracellular fluid that surrounds neurons? A) Oligodendrocytes B) Astrocytes C) Microglial cells D) Stellate cells - B) Astrocytes 2. At what point do the sensory axons from the periphery enter the spinal cord? A) Central nuclei B) Ventral nuclei C) Dorsal root ganglia D) Ventral white matter - C) Dorsal root ganglia 3. Some neurons have long axons that stretch from one part of the CNS to another. What are these c...

Main psychoanalytic psychologists/main themes - -Freud and Erikson -continuity and discontinuity -individual differences -nature and nurture Psychoanalytic Theories - child goes through stages, driven by biological maturation Freud - -behavior is driven by the need to satisfy basic drives -emphasis on the unconscious -emphasis on importance of early experience for later development Psychosexual theory - -at each stage, children encounter conflicts related to different erogenous z...

Patient H.M. (Henry Molaison) - A patient who, because of damage to medial temporal lobe structures, was unable to encode new declarative memories. But his skill learning was intact. Has anterograde amnesia where he cannot learn new information in long-term memory but still remembers older information learned prior to the damage. Medial temporal lobe - A region in the cortex that includes the hippocampus and plays a central role in memory processing. Anterograde amnesia - An inabilit...

How is Dichotic Listening studied? - by asking people to wear earphones; one message is presented to the left ear, and a different message is presented to the right ear. Summarize Kosslyn's classic research on distances in mental images and scanning times. Summarize Paivio's research using mental clocks and the angles formed by the two clock hands. Do these findings support the analog position or the propositional position? - Kosslyn -seems like ppl use analog code for simple figures, and ...

Children who do not fit into Ainsworth's three original categories now are typically classified as: - disorganized secure avoidant resistant disorganized In Bowlby's attachment theory, the secure base refers to: - a special setting developed for needy, dependent infants a comfortable and safe home setting the evolutionary roots of how children become attached to caregivers the haven of safety a caretaker provides that allows a child to explore the environment the haven of safety...

Developmental Psychology - - the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span - is the scientific study of age-related changes in behaviours, thinking, emotion, and personality. Domains of Development - 1) Physical Domain: includes changes in the size, shape, and characteristics of the body. 2: Cognitive Domain: includes changes in thinking, memory, problem-solving, and other intellectual skills. 3) Social/Emotional Domain: involves variables that are...

Weapon-focus effect - the tendency for the presence of a weapon to draw attention and impair a witness's ability to identify the culprit Cross-race identification bias - the tendency for people to be more accurate at recognizing members of their own racial group than of other groups Misinformation effect - the tendency for false postevent misinformation to become integrated into people's memory of an event Polygraph - a mechanical instrument that records psychological arousal from mul...