Summary International
trade
Luna Leyman
Artevelde University College
2017-2018
,Contents
Chapter 1: A look at international trade ....................................................................................................... 3
Why international trade? .......................................................................................................................... 3
World trade ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Belgium and international trade ............................................................................................................... 3
Export plan as starting point ..................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2: International trade policies – Cases ............................................................................................ 5
Why international trade ............................................................................................................................ 5
Brexit ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
CETA........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Fair trade ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Trade market access databank .................................................................................................................. 6
Trade promotion ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 2: International trade policy ............................................................................................................ 7
Key concepts.............................................................................................................................................. 7
Types of trade agreements ....................................................................................................................... 8
Other forms of international cooperation ................................................................................................ 9
Chapter 3: Modes of transport.................................................................................................................... 10
Modes of transport ................................................................................................................................. 10
Intermodal transport ............................................................................................................................... 11
Containers (ISO)....................................................................................................................................... 12
Other uniform dimensions ...................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 4: International sales ..................................................................................................................... 13
Market approach ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Intermediaries in international trade ...................................................................................................... 15
Incoterms................................................................................................................................................. 18
Chapter 5: Trade promotion........................................................................................................................ 21
Trade promotion ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Government agencies ............................................................................................................................. 21
Private institutions .................................................................................................................................. 21
Chapter 6: Risk management ...................................................................................................................... 22
Credit risk or debtor risk.......................................................................................................................... 22
Pre-delivery risk ....................................................................................................................................... 23
1
, Political risk – country risk ....................................................................................................................... 23
Foreign exchange risk .............................................................................................................................. 24
Transport and logistic risk ....................................................................................................................... 25
Delivery risk ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Economic risk........................................................................................................................................... 26
Treasury risk ............................................................................................................................................ 26
Operational risk ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Reputation risk ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Compliance or legal risk .......................................................................................................................... 28
Concentration risk ................................................................................................................................... 28
Interest rate risk ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Stock market risk ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Product launch risk .................................................................................................................................. 29
Other risks ............................................................................................................................................... 29
Chapter 7: Transport documents ................................................................................................................ 30
Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 30
Bill of lading ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Inland waterway bill of lading ................................................................................................................. 32
CMR – Consignment note........................................................................................................................ 33
Air way bill ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Exercises .................................................................................................................................................. 34
2
, Chapter 1: A look at international trade
Why international trade?
• Relation
❖ Growth international trade
❖ Growth GDP
World trade
• Global trade heavily concentrated few countries
• Leaders often Western industrialised countries
• Growing importance China
• South America only Mexico and Brazil in top
• No countries from Africa in top
• Importance US very high in comparison with other countries
➔ Leading exporters = leading importers
Belgium and international trade
Importance of international trade
• 2,5% of world trade
❖ 0,2% of world population
❖ 0,02% of world surface
Open economy
• Central location
• High population density
• Scarcity of natural resources
• Centre Belgian economy
❖ Processing foreign goods
❖ Export them
3
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper lunaleyman. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.