WELL AP Certification Exam 2022/2023 QA

How many dwellings in a single building w/ common structural element are required to be considered Multifamily Residential? - ANSWER 5 Feature 01 Air Quality Standards: T/F this feature requires an assessor to complete a performance test after occupancy. - ANSWER True These 2 particles make up a large proportion of dust that can be drawn deep into the lungs. Larger particles tend to be trapped in nose, mouth, or throat. - ANSWER PM10 and PM2.5 How large are PM10 and PM2.5 particles? - ANSWER PM10 or= 10 micrometers PM2.5 or = 2.5 micrometers The average life expectancy of a smoker is X years less than that of a non-smoker. - ANSWER 10 The levels of this airborne pollutant serve as a proxy for other INDOOR pollutants. - ANSWER Carbon Dioxide What documentation is required for Feature 03 Ventilation Effectiveness? - ANSWER LOA from MEC engineer & Commissioning Report Benzene and formaldehyde are considered what type of compound? - ANSWER VOC How many times higher can VOC levels be indoors than outdoors? - ANSWER 5x What documentation is required for Feature 04 VOC Reduction? - ANSWER LOA from architect and contractor What type of filters are designed to absorb VOCs and remove the largest particles? - ANSWER Carbon filters This type of filter is meant to remove smaller particles. - ANSWER Media filter (i.e. MERV 13). The higher the MERV #, the smaller the particle it removes. What documentation is required for Feature 05 Air Filtration? - ANSWER For parts 1 & 2 Filter Accommodation & Particle Filtration = LOA from MEP Engineer & Spot Check Part 3 Air Filtration Maintenance = operations schedule ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) - ANSWER A sterilisation method that uses UV light to break down microorganisms by destroying their DNA. Often used in food, air, and water purification. Destroys bacteria, virus, and mould spores. What documentation is required for Feature 07 Construction Pollution Management? - ANSWER LOA from Contractor What 5 items should the Feature 09 Cleaning Protocol document address? - ANSWER 1. Frequency 2. Procedures 3. Equipment 4. Supplies 5. Training to improve cleaning regimens What is Atrazine? - ANSWER One of the most widely used pesticides, and a suspected endocrine disruptor associated with cardiovascular problems. Long-term exposure to this widely used herbicide may lead to kidney and reproductive problems. - ANSWER Glyphosate Exposure to asbestos can occur how? - ANSWER Via inhalation when building materials degrade over time or are disturbed during renovation/construction. Asbestos is associated with what 2 diseases? - ANSWER Mesothelioma Lung Cancer What effects can lead exposure have? - ANSWER Neurotoxic effects. In early development it's associated with negative effects on memory, IQ, learning, and behaviour. In what 4 ways can moisture enter buildings and building assemblies? - ANSWER 1. Bulk water 2. Capillary water 3. Air-transported moisture 4. Vapour diffusion Why should management of construction pollution be a first priority? - ANSWER Due to the time required to conduct a flush. What documentation is required for Feature 14 Air Infiltration Management? - ANSWER Annotated Document: Commissioning Report (this feature r/t checking for air leakages in the building envelope) What are the potential dangers of high humidity? - ANSWER High humidity may promote the accumulation of growth of microbial pathogens, such as: bacteria dust mites mould An increase in relative humidity of 35% can increase the emissions of formaldehyde by what factor? - ANSWER 1.8 - 2.6 Where and why might radiant heating be preferred? - ANSWER In arid environments because it doesn't further dry out the air. What pollutants can copy rooms contribute to? - ANSWER Ozone What effect can ozone have on human health? - ANSWER It's linked to asthma and other respiratory diseases. To whom are air quality metrics data reported to? - ANSWER Building occupants and the IWBI What must be analysed prior to integrating operable windows into the design? - ANSWER Annual prevailing breeze patterns and average contaminant levels Up to 60% of people with asthma who live in urban environments also have a sensitivity to the allergens of what pest? - ANSWER Cockroach The bodies, feces, and saliva of dust mites can trigger what? - ANSWER Asthma and allergic reactions What documentation is required for Feature 23 Advanced Air Purification? - ANSWER Parts 1 & 2 Carbon Filtration and Air Sanitization = LOA from MEP Engineer & Spot Check Part 3 Air Quality Maintenance = Operations Schedule What has 210x the binding affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen? - ANSWER Carbon Monoxide What is a lack of oxygen delivery to body tissues? - ANSWER Hypoxia What effects can hypoxia cause? - ANSWER nausea, altered LOC, death What does short wavelength UV light (UV-C) do? - ANSWER It can reduce the bacterial load on surfaces. Turbidity - ANSWER The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality Removing turbidity improves water how? - ANSWER By also removing harmful pathogens such as protozoa. The presence of coliforms in water suggests what? - ANSWER That the water may contain more dangerous pathogens, including: bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. How does exposure to waterborne pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa affect human health? - ANSWER Exposure can lead to adverse gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and cramps. What 2 types of water filters can remove dissolved metals? - ANSWER Reverse Osmosis (RO) Kinetic Degradation Fluxion (KDF) Exposure to even minute amounts of mercury and lead has been linked to what? - ANSWER Developmental delays & deficits in learning abilities in children High BP & kidney problems in adults Activated carbon filters are effective in removing what from water? - ANSWER Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Benzene Styrene other organic contaminants & VOCs Exposure to organic contaminants such as PCBs and vinyl chloride in drinking water has been associated with what ailments? - ANSWER Cancer Immune deficiencies Nervous system difficulties Fluorosis - ANSWER Aesthetic mottling of teeth caused by excessive exposure to fluorine compounds. What are Chlorine and Chloramine? - ANSWER Compounds that may be added to water to act as disinfectants and can lead to the formation of disinfectant byproduct such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), as well as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) which can cause cancer. What affects the rate at which inorganic metals leach into drinking water sources? - ANSWER 1. Changing industrial practices 2. Temporal variations in temperature 3. pH 4. Weather What 3 technologies are used to maintain high water quality? - ANSWER 1. Carbon filters 2. Sediment filters 3. UV sanitisation What documentation is required for Feature 37: Drinking Water Promotion? - ANSWER LOA from architect and on-site spot check What's the recommended number of fruit and veg per day? - ANSWER 4 servings of fruit 5 servings of vegetables Insufficient fruit and veg intake is one of the top 10 risk factors contributing to what? - ANSWER Global mortality, leading to approximately 2.7 million deaths worldwide. What is the recommended daily sugar limit? - ANSWER 6-9 teaspoons per day What is the most effective way to remove bacteria when drying hands? - ANSWER Paper towels What documentation is required for Feature 43 Artificial Ingredients? - ANSWER Operations schedule and on-site spot check. What is Bisphenol-A (BPA)? - ANSWER A phenolic-based chemical that is used in plastic products (baby/water bottles, foodware, food can linings). It can be released when exposed to HEAT or UV LIGHT, and may have negative effects on human health. What ambient light level is sufficient for most tasks? - ANSWER 300 lux What are the main photoreceptors for daytime vision? - ANSWER Cones Where are cones located within the eye? - ANSWER On the retina. Photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) - ANSWER The eyes' non-image-forming photoreceptors. Bright light hits these and signals are sent to the suprachiasmatic nucleus to promote alertness. Lack of light stimulus here signals the body to reduce energy expenditure and prepare for rest. teal-blue 480 Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML) - ANSWER A measure of light's effects on the circadian cycle and determines how interior lighting can support circadian function. EML = visual lux (L) x melanopic ratio (R) for a given light source. Which light sources will produce more EML? - ANSWER Light sources with an appearance closer to daylight (i.e. "cooler" blue lights). K 2.5hrs of moderate-intensity physical activity per week can reduce overall mortality risk by what percent? - ANSWER 20% Sitting more than 3 hours/day is associated with X years lower life expectancy. - ANSWER 2 years Standing burns how many more calories per hour than sitting? - ANSWER 50 How does the CDC define fitness? - ANSWER The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and respond to emergencies. How many activities per week should adults engage in? - ANSWER 30 min moderate-intensity aerobic activity 5 days/week. Muscle strengthening activity 2 days/week. How much moderate to vigorous activity does the average adult get per day? - ANSWER 6-10 minutes 30% of ischemic heart disease, 27% of Type II Diabetes, and 21-25% of breast and colon cancer is caused by what? - ANSWER Physical inactivity The 4th leading risk factor for mortality, accounting for 6-9% of deaths worldwide. - ANSWER Physical inactivity What is the correlation between physical inactivity and stroke? - ANSWER Physical inactivity can increase the odds of having a stroke by 20-30% and shave off 3-5 years of life. How much of our time is spent indoors? - ANSWER 90% Define rods, cones, and ipRGCs - ANSWER Rods: peripheral vision, and vision in dim lighting. Peak sensitivity to green-blue light (498 nm) Cones: Daytime vision and colour perception. Peak sensitivity to green-yellow light (555 nm) ipRGCs: critical to circadian rhythm. Peak sensitivity to teal-blue light (480 nm). ipRGCs send info to the suprachiasmatic nucleus to let it know the time of day based on light received. Briefly explain how vision works. - ANSWER Light enters the eye and hits photoreceptors on the retina: rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) Suprachiasmatic nucleus - ANSWER The location of the main mammalian 24-hr circadian clock that acts as an oscillator to synchronise clocks in peripheral tissues and organs. Gets its info from the amount of light received by the ipRGCs. Zeitgebers - ANSWER External cues that align physiological functions to the solar cycle and cue the circadian rhythm. What is the most important zeitgeber? - ANSWER Light is the most important zeitgeber. It keeps the body's internal clocks synchronised in a process known as circadian photoentrainment. Circadian photoentrainment - ANSWER The process by which light keeps the body's internal clocks synchronised. All light, not just sunlight can contribute to circadian photoentrainment. The peak sensitivity for the sensation of brightness occurs at what light colour? - ANSWER Green-yellow light What is the difference between UV light and infrared light? - ANSWER UV = smaller wavelengths Infrared = larger wavelengths What health issues are associated with chronic sleep deprivation? - ANSWER Diabetes Obesity Depression Heart attack Hypertension Stroke What effect does light exposure have on circadian rhythms? - ANSWER Light exposure in late night/early morning = shift rhythms forward (phase advance) Light exposure in late afternoon = shift rhythms back (phase delay) In general, what does WELL advocate for light levels? (in colour and K) - ANSWER WELL advocates for lights that are closer to natural daylight's cool/blue temperature colour spectrum (because they have a greater EML and thus have greater impact on circadian cycle). Lamps with Kelvin during daytime hours. What BMI values indicate overweight and obese? - ANSWER 25-29.9 = overweight 30+ = obese High consumption of sugar sweetened beverages is linked to what diseases? - ANSWER Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome