First Aid Pharmacology (complete)
First Aid Pharmacology (complete) Antibiotics that block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan CROSS-LINKING - correct answer ---Beta lactams. Penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem Antibiotics that block peptidoglycan SYNTHESIS - correct answer ---bacitracin, vancomycin Antibiotics that block nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis - correct answer ---sulfonamides, trimethoprim Antibiotics that block DNA topoisomerases - correct answer ---Fluroquinolones Antibiotics that block mRNA synthesis - correct answer ---Rifampin Antibiotics that damage DNA - correct answer ---Metronidazole Antibiotics that block protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit - correct answer ---Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin (and other macrolides), linezolid, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin) Antibiotics that block protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit - correct answer ---Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin) and tetracyclins Penicillin G is the ____ form; Pencillin V is the ___ form - correct answer ---Pen G = IV/IM Pen V = oral Penicillin - correct answer ---MOA: binds PBP to block peptidoglycan cross linking Clinical use: bactericidal for gram (+) cocci/rods, gram (-) cocci (Neisseria), and spirochetes Toxicity: hypersensitivity reactions (type II), hemolytic anemia MOR: β-lactamase Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin - correct answer ---MOA: binds to PBP to block peptidoglycan cross linking; beta lactamase resistant due to bulky R group Clinical use: bactericidal, narrow spectrum- staph aureus only (except MRSA which is still resistant) Toxicity: hypersensitivity reactions (type II), interstitial nephritis Ampicillin, amoxicillin - correct answer ---MOA: binds to PBP to block peptidoglycan cross linking; wider spectrum than regular penicillin Clinical use: bactericidal for gram (+) cocci/rods, gram (-) cocci, spirochetes; extended to cover H. influenza, E. Coli, L. monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci Toxicity: hypersensitivity reactions (type II), ampicillin rash, pseudomembranous colitis MOR: β-lactamase Ampicillin and amoxicillin HELPSS kill enterococci - correct answer ---H. influenzae, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci (extended spectrum penicillins) Ticarcillin, piperacillin - correct answer ---MOA: binds to PBP to block peptidoglycan cross linking Clinical use: extended spectrum penicillin (so already bactericidal for gram (+) cocci/rods, gram (-) cocci, and spirochetes; also covers Pseudomonas spp and gram (-) rods Toxicity: hypersensitivity reactions (type II) Beta lactamase inhibitors: CAST - correct answer ---Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam Add to aminopenicillins and antipseudomonals Cefazolin, cephalexin - correct answer ---MOA: 1st generation beta lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis Clinical use: bactericidal for gram (+) COCCI, PEcK: Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella; cefazolin used prior to surgery to prevent S. aureus wound infections Toxicity: hypersensitivity rxns, disulfiram-like runs, vitamin K deficiency, potentiate nephrotoxicity of amino glycosides MOR: structural change in PBP Cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime - correct answer ---MOA: 2nd generation beta lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis Clinical use: bactericidal for gram (+) COCCI, HEN PEcKS- Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia marcescens
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- 29 november 2022
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first aid pharmacology
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first aid
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first aid pharmacology complete
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pharmacology complete
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