College aantekeningen
Designed Landscapes Lecture Notes
- Instelling
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
This documents contains my lecture notes from the class 'Designed Landscapes'. They are very detailed and cover almost everything.
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Voorbeeld 2 van de 14 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
LECTURE 1- Although the royal parks have been open to the public by grace and favour for centuries, the
concept of the purpose designed public park dates only from the 19th century
- These areas for public recreation are totally accessible - seen as a social reform (?)
- The rst public park - deliberately designed as open for public used to be found in windshield
- landscape design is a 3d project on a 2d sheet
- Why do art historians have to know about maps and plans?:
- Give you insight about how the designer thinks
- Help to understand the creative process
- When visiting a park or garden you can understand the di erence between a plan and a
realisation
- Shows the allegory of painting and architecture (?)
- Nature and designed are united
- Landscape plan is planned from the landscape is made
- Landscape architecture began with Humphrey Repton - 1789
- Landscape architecture is multi disciplinary (broader than landscape gardening) - it concerns
design, planning, agriculture, architectural aspects, management, philosophy, aesthetics and so
on…..
- İt became di cult to train and educate the landscape artists
- Landscape education is relatively young
- 1899 - american associates of landscape artists (?)
- 1930 - the rst association in Europe
- The rst landscape institute in Britain was founded in 1929
- There was a need for public parks
- It was intended to o er some relief - the cities were so crowded
- A public garden should be open to all section of society
- First public park - English Garten, in Munich (1804)
- It was designed by Friedrich von Sckell and Benjamin Thompson
- The park was modern - in the sense that it separated the tra c and pedestrians, horse
carriages
- Joseph Paxton was head gardener
- Known for his innovations in glass house technology and public parks
- He designed the Cristal palace
- First royal property open to the public
- Pro t was to made from developing adjacent lands
- Birkenhead Park Liverpool (1847)
- Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann (1809-1891)
- He rebuilt Paris as we know it now - with boulevards, creme coloured new classical facades
- In the middle of the 19th century, the centre of Paris was viewed as overcrowded, dark,
dangerous and unhealthy
- Nephew of Napoleon comes to power and rebuilding of Paris begins (around 1850)
- Louis (the new emperor) lived in London and he was impressed by the city, he was impressed
by the streets, buildings, parks
- Colora epidemic
- The romantic Paris, medieval Paris was almost destroyed there were also the happy parts of it -
the sewage system for better hygienics, white boulevards, the symmetrical road system and the
division of Paris to districts, its expansion, the parks and the castle (these came to life with
Haussmann’s plan)
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, - Adolphe Alphand (1817-1891)
- Considered to be the father of the Paris green spaces
- İn just 17 years, there was a major greening of the city
- He planted over 60000 trees and added 2000 thousand hectares of parks into the city - he
provided the lungs of the city
- If you walk through Paris - you see there is a unity - speci c layout of trees, plants, owers
- Between 1867 and 1873 he published a book of illustrations and detailed structures of Paris
- Park Monceau (1861)
- Former property of family of king Louis Philip
- Redesigned and replanted by Alphand
- A corner of the park was taken for a new residential quarter
- Similar like what Paxton did for Birkenhead
- In august 1861, park Monceau became the rst new public park in Paris
- The park was extremely popular
- Parc des Buttes Chaumont (1867)
- One of the most impressing parks from Paris - Its in the north of Paris - northern edge
- The work on the park began on 1864 - on the directions of Alphand
- Alphand also spectated the tra c with a carefully planned path
- Theres also a railway track crossing through the park
- He used engineering innovation
- It took 2 years to tear the land
- A thousand workers did the landscape, digging the lake
- Hydraulic canals were installed to carry the water from the ground to the higher parts
- There are some stones and some fake stones
- Alphand used all these elements to create a rather modern park
- Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903) and Calvert Vaux (1824-1895)
- They designed the Central Park in New York
- Olmsted became familiar with the parks in London and Paris
- There was an in uence from those parks
- Olmsted look for the pastoral and picturesque parks
- Why and when was this park created?:
- New Yorkers were familiar with the parks in London and Paris
- Creating a park contributed to the state of new york
- In those days, the European still had more status than new york
- Park would uplift the value of the buildings along side the park
- Olmsted used a separation of city tra c from the park - as he must have seen in Paris and
Liverpool
- why in a speci c period were parks elevated?
- In 1874, the forti cation law was passed - this law allowed cities to expand outside the city
walls and forti cations
- And since the forti cations were no longer in use they were often transferred into city parks
- Prinsentuin Leeuwarden, 1822 - characterised by serpentine ponds (?)
- With the shape of the Parks you can still understand its purpose (there were forti cations and
molds(?))
- Vondelpark Amsterdam , Jan David Zocher (1791-1870)
- The rst section opened in 1865 and last parts opened in 1877
- There were also a band stand and pavilion
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