PHR 4000 Exam 1a Question with complete solution 2023

PHR 4000 Exam 1a Question with complete solution 2023drug molecules that interact with specific targets/receptors of an organism to cause biochemical and physiological changes in an organism safety/efficacy What is largely the reason most new drugs fail? 1922, 14, animals insulin was first discovered to treat diabetes in ____ when a ___ year old boy was dying in the hospital. He was given insulin and within 24 hours he got better. First discovered the pancreas was involved through experiments with ____ leukemia, fused protein, chromosomes, wbcs gleevec is a drug used to treat _____. it targets the ___ _____ made by translocation of ________ that causes uncontrolled growth of _______ selectivity a drug's ability to preferentially produce a particular effect and is related to the structural specificity of drug binding to receptors pharmacokinetics how the body affects the drug pharmacodynamics How the drug affects the body enteral oral, SL, buccal, or rectal routes of admin parenteral by injection oral some drugs fail entirely to be absorbed after this type of administration iv use with most protein drugs, as well as with small molecules, 100% bioavailability venous most drugs enter the ____ side of circulation bioavailability the rate and extent to which a drug is absorbed and becomes available at the site of action; the portion of the administered dose that reaches bloodstream inside, CNS targets are most accessible when they are _____ the circulation, they are least accessible when found in the ____ fenestrae non-bain capillaries have _____ in which drugs can pass through passive diffusion the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, no transport protein facilitated diffusion Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels, high to low active transport Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration of low to high P-glycoprotein Transmembrane protein that transports a wide variety of drugs out of cells low, high drugs that are ___ in weight, ___ in lipid solubility, and ______ can freely diffuse through cell membranes