Relationships Questions with complete solutions 2023

Relationships Questions with complete solutions 20234 phases of romantic relationships 1. interpersonal attraction - what are you looking for in a partner? 2. relationship initiation - first contact, dating, sex, growing interdependence 3. relationship maintenance - managing conflicts and disagreements and growing together in pursuit of goals 4. relationship dissolution - relationship disintegration and endings Tinbergen's 4 levels of analysis 1. ultimate causation: ultimate functional explanations address the original adaptive purpose of a trait or behavior 2. phylogeny: historical explanations focus on the ancestral roots of the trait/behavior in relation to other species 3. ontogeny: developmental explanations address the lifespan inputs that make individuals sensitive to specific environmental cues that shape a developing trait 4. proximate causation: identify the specific situational factors that activate and deactivate the trait/behavior attachment theory 1. explains why infants and adults become attached to close others 2. how and why people have different ways of regulating their emotions in relationships 3. accounts for how and why relationships function and what happens in them over time Interdependence Theory 1. whether and how behaviors are coordinated and how influence occurs betwen partners as they make decisions regarding their relationships 2. the perceptions of costs and rewards in a relationship including how comparison level (CL) and comparison level for alternatives (CLAT) affect partner and relationship perceptions, functioning, and long-term outcomes 3. whether and how interpersonal attributions produce shifts form self-focused goals and behaviors to partner or relationship promoting goals and behaviors Interdependence theory and household cleaning satisfaction is highest when the couple cleans together then when they do it alone or their partner does it alone CL versus Clat versus perceived rewards CL = comparison level - expectations about what one "deserves" in relationships Clat = comparison level alternatives: expectations about the quality of the best available alternative perceived rewards: perception of existing rewards relative to costs (rewards-costs=outcome) People are happiest when rewards are high, then comparison level, then clat 3 essential elements of evolution 1. variation (in traits across individuals) 2. inheritance 3. selection by physical and social environment - which affects both survival and reproduction