EPPP Clinical Psychology 2023

Psychodynamic Therapy - Insight-oriented treatment wherein past determines present through transference and conflict affects development Defense Mechanisms - Methods of allaying anxiety, such as repression, displacement, or reaction formation Goal of Freudian Psychodynamic Therapy - Make unconscious material conscious to reduce maladaptive behaviors Freudian Process - Clarification - Confrontation - Interpretation - Working Through Adler's Individual Psychology - Teleological Approach: Behaviors are motivated by future goals, which are further motivated by style of life (social, family, inferiority feelings, and superiority drive) Goal of Adlerian Psychodynamic Therapy - Help patient achieve a more adaptable style of life Jung's Analytic Psychotherapy - Human experience divided into conscious self, personal unconscious (persona, shadow), and collective unconscious Jungian Archetypes - Primordial images of human experiences: the ways in which humans portray themselves to others Goal of Jungian Psychodynamic Therapy - Bridge the gap between the conscious and the personal/collective unconscious Mahler's Object Relations Theory - Personality Theory: Personality and behaviors are largely determined by early internalized representations of the self and introjects (objects) Separation-Individuation - Achievement of a separate identity beginning around age 4 as the child explore environments and observes other people Feminist Revision of Relations Theory - Gender differences are influenced by differences in same-gender and different-gender parenting practices in a sociocultural context Humanistic Therapy - Adopt a phenomenological approach, emphasize the here-and-now, propose an innate capacity for positive growth, focus on awareness and responsibility Perls' Gestalt Therapy - Personality Theory: To satisfy one's needs, a person must interact with the environment at the boundary (point-of-contact). Childhood problems create boundary disturbances that interfere with the ability to satisfy needs Goal of Gestalt Therapy - Help patient gain greater self-awareness to integrate various aspects of the self into a unified whole Process of Gestalt Therapy - Empty chair technique and dreamwork. Distinguish between transference fantasy and reality Introjection - Absorbing the behaviors and values of others, including the larger society, without understanding or assimilating said values, which creates a disturbance in boundaries between the self and others Constructivist Therapy - Incorporate elements of several approaches and focus on how the patient experiences his/her world Kelly's Personal Construct Therapy - Personality Theory: A person's psychological processes are determined by the way he/she construes events by using personal bipolar dimensions of meaning (happy/sad) operating on a conscious or unconscious level Goal of Personal Construct Therapy - Help patient identify and replace maladaptive personal dimensions of meaning Interpersonal Psychotherapy Goal - Symptom reduction and improved interpersonal functioning by focusing on problem areas (role disputes, role transitions, unresolved grief, interpersonal deficits) Solution-Focused Therapy Goal - Help patient, as his/her own expert, identify strengths and resources that will help him/her resolve presenting problems Solution-Focused Process - Exceptions, the miracle question, and scaling questions Goal of Prochaska and DiClemente's Transtheoretical Model - Help patient move to the next stage of change among Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination Transtheoretical Process - Match intervention to patient's current stage of change Goal of Miller and Rollnick's Motivational Interviewing - Enhance patient's intrinsic motivation to alter his/her behaviors, particularly during the precontemplation or contemplation stage of change Motivational Interviewing Process - Combine client-centered therapy, transtheoretical model, and self-efficacy theory