SAS 13 Midterm 1 Questions With Complete Solutions

SAS 13 Midterm 1 Questions With Complete Solutions Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - answer-Known as the Father or Microbiology (first microbiologist) -'animalcules' now known as microorganisms James Zadroga - answerJames Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act -'Provides medical care and compensation for those who are sick with World Trade Center illnesses -Autopsy said that respiratory problems cause by toxins from the attack site but the medical examiner said that it was lung disease from injecting prescription drugs -Mayor agreed and said "science say this was not a hero" -Third opinion backed up original claim Francis Collins - answer-Genetic and or infectious disease? -Discovery if disease genes and leadership in the Human Genome Project. -Director of the National Institutes of Health Robert Koch - answer-Grandfather of microbiology Beriberi Christiaan Eijkman - answerBeriberi Hypothesis: Beriberi is caused by a bacterium. Experiment: Infected half of the chicken population with the bacterium, left the other half. Result: All chickens got sick, then they all got better Conclusions: The chef had changed the diet from cooked polished rice, to uncooked unpolished rice New Hypothesis: Diet plays a role in beriberi Conclusions: 1) polished (white) rice is toxic, unpolished (brown) rice is not 2) The rice bran contains a substance that counteracts the toxic effect -Anti Beriberi Factor: Thiamin (vitamin B1) Peter Poit - answerMicrobiologist working in Belgium Frederick Murphy - answer-Took a picture of Ebola virus -Worked for Center for Disease Control (CDC), and is the former dean of the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine John Enders - answer-Measles vaccine -"More Attenuated Enders' Strain" Andrew Wakefield - answer-1998 study linked MMR vaccine to autism -Fixed the data, was a fraud (2009) -Medical license was revoked -2010, Journal that article was published in was revoked Rachel Carson - answerAdvancing the global environmental movement Asbjorn Folling - answer-Folling disease to be later known as Phenylketonuria (PKU) -Deficiency in the liver enzyme PAH so toxic levels of phenalalanine build up -Blocks transport of essential amino acids to the brain--severe brain damage Robert Guthrie - answerGuthrie test -Agar gel plate -Bacillus subtilis B-2-thienylalanine (inhibits bacterial growth) -Inhibition overcomr in presence pf phenylalanine -screened for pku Queen Victoria - answerA carrier of Hemophilia, bred into the royal family family tree Factor V Leiden - answer-A variant of the protein Factor V which is needed for blood clotting (coagulation) -Named after the city of Leiden (The Netherlands), where it was first identified in 1994 -People with this have blood that has an increased tendency to clot -Most common cause of hereditary thrombophilia in the US the 'Dutch disease' - answer-1960s discovery of large natural gas deposits in the North Sea -Exports caused increase in wealth from foreign currency inflow -Dutch guilder (currency) became stronger -Exports of all non-gas products less competitive on the world market -aka as the 'resource curse' or 'paradox of plenty' disease as a metaphor - answerSomething that is broken or in poor condition, such as an unhealthy marriage, a sick society, an ailing business Disease taxonomy - answerA classification scheme for diseases International Classification of Diseases (ICD) - answerICD-10: Standard diagnostic tool for classifying diseases and monitoring the prevalence and incidence of diseases and other health problems ICD-Clinical Modification - answerModified version (ICD-10-CM) to facilitate communication; just like police codes Ex. 1) K71.51=Toxic liver disease with chronic active hepatitis with ascites 2) T39.011-Poisoning by aspirin, accidental ICD Codes - answerICD-10-CM: -Mortality statistics-most US death certificates filed since 1977 list an ICD code -Public health/morbidity data-used by governmnet health authorities to track certain diseases to understand how they spread, where they are prevalent, and to budget programs or research to work on prevention -Billing purposes-electronic medical records Mortality - answerHow many people have died from a disease Morbidity - answerHow many people have a disease