TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE
INTERNET, AND WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
AND KEY NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES
Networking and Communication Trends
Telephone & computer networks (in the past) -> single digital network
(Internet-based)
Computer Network
In its simplest form, a network consists of two or more connected
computers.
The major hardware, software, and transmission components used in a
simple network: a client computer and a dedicated server computer,
network interfaces, a connection medium, network operating system
software, and either a hub or a switch.
In large companies, the network infrastructure consists of a large number
of small local area networks linked to other local area networks and to
firmwide corporate networks.
Key Digital Networking Technologies
Client/Server Computing - some of the processing power is located within
small, inexpensive client computers, and resides literally on desktops,
laptops, or in handheld devices.
Packet Switching - a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called
packets, sending the packets along diferent communication paths as they
become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at
their destinations.
Development of widely used communications standards (TCP/IP) - to help
transmission data among diferent types of computers over long
distances.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETWORK
Signals
An analog signal is represented by a continuous waveform that passes
through a communications medium and has been used for voice
communication.
A digital signal is a discrete, binary waveform, rather than a continuous
waveform.
Modem is a device that translates digital signals into analog form (and
vice versa) so that computers can transmit data over analog networks
such as telephone and cable networks.
Types of Network
, Type Area
Local Area Network (LAN) Up to 500 meters; an ofce, a
building
Campus Area Network (CAN) Up to 1000 meters; a college campus
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) A city or metropolitan area
Wide Area Network (WAN) A transcontinental or global area
Transmission Media and Speed
Twisted pair wire (10-100+ Mbps)
Coaxial cable (Up to 1 Gbps)
Fiber-optic cable (15 Mbps to 6+ Tbps)
Wireless transmission media (Up to 600+ Mbps)
HOW THE INTERNET AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGY WORK, AND HOW
THEY SUPPORT COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS
The Internet has become the world’s most extensive, public communication
system. It’s also the world’s largest implementation of client/server
computing and internetworking, linking millions of individual networks all over
the world. This global network of networks began in the early 1970s as a U.S.
Department of Defense network to link scientists and university professors
around the world.
Internet Service Provider : a commercial organization with a permanent
connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to retail
subscribers.
Digital Subscriber Line : operate over existing telephone lines to carry
voice, data, and video at transmission rates ranging from 385 Kbps all the
way up to 40 Mbps, depending on usage patterns and distance.
Cable Internet Connections : provided by cable television vendors use
digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed Internet access to homes
and businesses
T1 and T3 lines : international telephone standards for digital
communication; they are leased, dedicated lines suitable for businesses or
government agencies requiring high-speed guaranteed service levels
Internet Addressing and Architecture
Every computer on the Internet is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP)
address, which currently is a 32-bit number represented by four strings of
numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods.
Domain Name System : converts domain names to IP addresses.
Domain Name : the English-like name that corresponds to the unique
32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet.
Ex: .com (commercial organization/business), .edu (educational
institutions), .org (any type of organizations), etc.
The Internet backbone connects to regional networks, which in turn
provide access to Internet service providers, large firms, and
government institutions. Network access points (NAPs) and
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INTERNET, AND WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
AND KEY NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES
Networking and Communication Trends
Telephone & computer networks (in the past) -> single digital network
(Internet-based)
Computer Network
In its simplest form, a network consists of two or more connected
computers.
The major hardware, software, and transmission components used in a
simple network: a client computer and a dedicated server computer,
network interfaces, a connection medium, network operating system
software, and either a hub or a switch.
In large companies, the network infrastructure consists of a large number
of small local area networks linked to other local area networks and to
firmwide corporate networks.
Key Digital Networking Technologies
Client/Server Computing - some of the processing power is located within
small, inexpensive client computers, and resides literally on desktops,
laptops, or in handheld devices.
Packet Switching - a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called
packets, sending the packets along diferent communication paths as they
become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at
their destinations.
Development of widely used communications standards (TCP/IP) - to help
transmission data among diferent types of computers over long
distances.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETWORK
Signals
An analog signal is represented by a continuous waveform that passes
through a communications medium and has been used for voice
communication.
A digital signal is a discrete, binary waveform, rather than a continuous
waveform.
Modem is a device that translates digital signals into analog form (and
vice versa) so that computers can transmit data over analog networks
such as telephone and cable networks.
Types of Network
, Type Area
Local Area Network (LAN) Up to 500 meters; an ofce, a
building
Campus Area Network (CAN) Up to 1000 meters; a college campus
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) A city or metropolitan area
Wide Area Network (WAN) A transcontinental or global area
Transmission Media and Speed
Twisted pair wire (10-100+ Mbps)
Coaxial cable (Up to 1 Gbps)
Fiber-optic cable (15 Mbps to 6+ Tbps)
Wireless transmission media (Up to 600+ Mbps)
HOW THE INTERNET AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGY WORK, AND HOW
THEY SUPPORT COMMUNICATION AND E-BUSINESS
The Internet has become the world’s most extensive, public communication
system. It’s also the world’s largest implementation of client/server
computing and internetworking, linking millions of individual networks all over
the world. This global network of networks began in the early 1970s as a U.S.
Department of Defense network to link scientists and university professors
around the world.
Internet Service Provider : a commercial organization with a permanent
connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to retail
subscribers.
Digital Subscriber Line : operate over existing telephone lines to carry
voice, data, and video at transmission rates ranging from 385 Kbps all the
way up to 40 Mbps, depending on usage patterns and distance.
Cable Internet Connections : provided by cable television vendors use
digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed Internet access to homes
and businesses
T1 and T3 lines : international telephone standards for digital
communication; they are leased, dedicated lines suitable for businesses or
government agencies requiring high-speed guaranteed service levels
Internet Addressing and Architecture
Every computer on the Internet is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP)
address, which currently is a 32-bit number represented by four strings of
numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods.
Domain Name System : converts domain names to IP addresses.
Domain Name : the English-like name that corresponds to the unique
32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet.
Ex: .com (commercial organization/business), .edu (educational
institutions), .org (any type of organizations), etc.
The Internet backbone connects to regional networks, which in turn
provide access to Internet service providers, large firms, and
government institutions. Network access points (NAPs) and
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