ZOO 3603C - EXAM 1 SAMPLE QUESTIONS

How has developmental biology impacted modern medicine? - Answer-IVF (in vitro fertilization) teratology - study of congenital abnormalities Birth defects, prenatal diagnosis cloning What is regulation? - Answer-the ability to respecify cells so that the removal of cells destined to become a particular structure can be compensated for by other cells producing that structure Who discovered Regulation? - Answer-Roux What is determination? - Answer-the second and irreversible stage of a cell or tissue commitment in which the cell or tissue is capable of differentiating autonomously, even when placed in a non neutral environment What "proved" determination - Answer-Weisman and Conklin Experimented with snail eggs and found that the germ layers were determined because macho-1 was only found in early mesodermal cells and could not be reversed Shown to only be true in certain organisms What enables us to be able to do IVF and prenatal diagnosis? - Answer-Human embryo is regulative. Therefore, you can take one of the eight human blastula cells and it is not detrimental to development. What did Hartsoeker believe about development? - Answer-He was a preformationist. He looked at his sperm through a lens and believed that a tiny man was sitting in the acrosome. The yolk allows the fetus to grow What did Driesh believe? - Answer-Entelechy A vital force drives development What did Child believe? - Answer-Metabolic gradients determined the different embryonic laters No molecular bio to back it up though Who discovered the organizer and how? - Answer-Spemann discovered the organizer by grafting it to the other side of a xenopus embryo -Wolpart also proposed the organizer! What are exa