COGSCI 1B Midterm Fall 2024/2025 Study Guide Exam Q&A

COGSCI 1B Midterm Fall 2024/2025 Study Guide Exam Q&A Strong AI - CORRECT CORRECT -AI formulation: machine w/ AGI, just as smart as humans in every way Applied AGI - CORRECT CORRECT -AI formulation: ML allows - machines to master "expert systems", driving cars etc. Why AI boom (early 21st century) - CORRECT CORRECT -New computing power + available large data sets Expert systems - CORRECT CORRECT -Machines that replicate/ improve human experts specialized domains (slide 8 for examples) Past ML applications - CORRECT CORRECT -See slide 10 Decision Trees - CORRECT CORRECT -ML programs asses probs w/ decisions trees How would a decision tree be designed - CORRECT CORRECT -- could ask a team of mortgage loan officers to make a decision tree - or could or could make program that can make it's own decision tree (ML) or ID3 ID3 - CORRECT CORRECT -ML tools that use stats make decision trees ID3, how work - CORRECT CORRECT -1. measure the informativeness of each attribute (correlation)(information gain) 2. Assigns the attribute with highest information gain to the first node on the tree 3. repeat (slides 14-18) CAPTCHA - CORRECT CORRECT -Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart. Wasn;t good enough first, and computers better reCAPTCHA - CORRECT CORRECT -Showed words computers did understand, when enough humans think it is something, it is confirmed as correct/ uploaded to ebook database. Computer-based personality judgements - CORRECT CORRECT -ML personality judgments based on facebook likes are more accurate than friends and better predicted life outcomes Feature engineering - CORRECT CORRECT -In ML, data is labeled with features that the algorithm will work o