Summary 1 Innate and adaptive immune system

HC1 Innate and adaptive
immune system
The immune system protects against infectious agents but also causes allergies and auto-immune
diseases.

Innate immune system Adaptive immune system
Macrophages B cells

Natural killer cells Plasma cells
Dendritic cells B memory cells

Cytokines T cells
Complement Cytotoxic T cells

Mast cells T helper cells
Neutrophils Regulatory T cells

Anti-microbial peptides T memory cells
Within seconds Cytokines

Antibodies
1 week


Phagocytosis is more efficient after opsonization by either IgG or complement or both.
Intracellular killing happens by respiratory burst. This is a metabolic process that activates membrane
bound oxidase, resulting in superoxide anion and downstream reactive oxygen or nitrogen species
(ROS/RNS). This leads to lipid peroxidation and membrane, protein and DNA damage.
Three step plan of neutrophils:
1. Phagocytosis of (opsonized) pathogens and intracellular killing
2. Release of granules (tissue damage)
3. Neutrophil extracellular traps (
ITAM domains of receptors are signaling domains




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