Geology Written Exam.
A _____ is formed when magma intrudes between existing sedimentary layers - CORRECT ANSWER sill
If a limestone, a shale, and a sandstone are deposited in that order without interruption, which of the following is true? - CORRECT ANSWER The limestone is the oldest and the succession is conformable
What scenario requires a geologist to use the principle of cross-cutting relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER A dike truncates layers in a sedimentary succession
Which of the following is associated with an erosive surface? - CORRECT ANSWER A stream running across an irregular surface
An igneous dike cuts across existing sedimentary layers and erupts at the surface, creating a layer of basalt. The basalt, as well as all the layers below, are then cut by a fault. Which statement is true? - CORRECT ANSWER The fault is the youngest because it cuts through all the sedimentary layers and basalt
Following the deposition of a sequence of sedimentary rocks, which event is the first to occur to produce an angular unconformity? - CORRECT ANSWER Deformation
A(n) __________ exhibits sedimentary layers that are parallel to each other above and below an erosive surface - CORRECT ANSWER Disconformity
Which of the following is an accurate description of a nonconformity? - CORRECT ANSWER younger sedimentary strata overlie uplifted and weathered igneous or metamorphic rocks
The sedimentary layers above an erosive surface are __________ relative to all rocks present below the surface - CORRECT ANSWER younger Which of the following is a common feature that all unconformities exhibit? - CORRECT ANSWER erosive surface
What is the best definition of fossil range? - CORRECT ANSWER The period of time when an organism first and last appears in the sedimentary record
Which of the following characteristics is the most desirable for constraining the relative age of rocks? - CORRECT ANSWER organisms with overlapping ranges and geologically short lifespans
Which organism from the video is the least useful for relative dating? - CORRECT ANSWER Scallop
If a rock contains ten different kinds of fossils, which of the following must be true? - CORRECT ANSWER All of the organisms had to be alive when the rock was deposited
How is the geologic time scale related to the fossil record? - CORRECT ANSWER The periods of the time scale were constructed based on ranges of fossil organisms
Which of the following includes all common types of radioactive decay? - CORRECT ANSWER alpha particle emission, beta particle emission, electron capture
Which of the following statements regarding radioactive decay is true? - CORRECT ANSWER More daughter products accumulate over time
If one half-life has lapsed, what is the radioactive parent to stable daughter isotope ratio? - CORRECT ANSWER 50:50
Radioactive decay in mineral shows that two half-lives have elapsed, giving an age of approximately 1.4 billion years. Using the table in the video as a reference, what is the correct radioactive parent and stable daughter isotope pair? - CORRECT ANSWER U235, Pb207
Which represents the correct sequence from oldest to most recent or current eras on the Geologic Time Scale? - CORRECT ANSWER Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
A _____ is formed when magma intrudes between existing sedimentary layers - CORRECT ANSWER sill
If a limestone, a shale, and a sandstone are deposited in that order without interruption, which of the following is true? - CORRECT ANSWER The limestone is the oldest and the succession is conformable
What scenario requires a geologist to use the principle of cross-cutting relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER A dike truncates layers in a sedimentary succession
Which of the following is associated with an erosive surface? - CORRECT ANSWER A stream running across an irregular surface
An igneous dike cuts across existing sedimentary layers and erupts at the surface, creating a layer of basalt. The basalt, as well as all the layers below, are then cut by a fault. Which statement is true? - CORRECT ANSWER The fault is the youngest because it cuts through all the sedimentary layers and basalt
Following the deposition of a sequence of sedimentary rocks, which event is the first to occur to produce an angular unconformity? - CORRECT ANSWER Deformation
A(n) __________ exhibits sedimentary layers that are parallel to each other above and below an erosive surface - CORRECT ANSWER Disconformity
Which of the following is an accurate description of a nonconformity? - CORRECT ANSWER younger sedimentary strata overlie uplifted and weathered igneous or metamorphic rocks
The sedimentary layers above an erosive surface are __________ relative to all rocks present below the surface - CORRECT ANSWER younger Which of the following is a common feature that all unconformities exhibit? - CORRECT ANSWER erosive surface
What is the best definition of fossil range? - CORRECT ANSWER The period of time when an organism first and last appears in the sedimentary record
Which of the following characteristics is the most desirable for constraining the relative age of rocks? - CORRECT ANSWER organisms with overlapping ranges and geologically short lifespans
Which organism from the video is the least useful for relative dating? - CORRECT ANSWER Scallop
If a rock contains ten different kinds of fossils, which of the following must be true? - CORRECT ANSWER All of the organisms had to be alive when the rock was deposited
How is the geologic time scale related to the fossil record? - CORRECT ANSWER The periods of the time scale were constructed based on ranges of fossil organisms
Which of the following includes all common types of radioactive decay? - CORRECT ANSWER alpha particle emission, beta particle emission, electron capture
Which of the following statements regarding radioactive decay is true? - CORRECT ANSWER More daughter products accumulate over time
If one half-life has lapsed, what is the radioactive parent to stable daughter isotope ratio? - CORRECT ANSWER 50:50
Radioactive decay in mineral shows that two half-lives have elapsed, giving an age of approximately 1.4 billion years. Using the table in the video as a reference, what is the correct radioactive parent and stable daughter isotope pair? - CORRECT ANSWER U235, Pb207
Which represents the correct sequence from oldest to most recent or current eras on the Geologic Time Scale? - CORRECT ANSWER Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
