MYOLOGIE VAN HOOFD & HALS
ONTLEEDKUNDE VAN HET MENSELIJKE LICHAAM
,Ontleedkunde van het menselijke lichaam: Myologie van hoofd & hals
Inhoudsopgave
1 Kaakspieren .............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 M. masseter ....................................................................................................................................3
1.2 M. temporalis..................................................................................................................................4
1.3 M. pterygoideus lateralis .................................................................................................................5
1.4 M. pterygoideus medialis ................................................................................................................6
2 Supra-hyoidale spieren ............................................................................................................................7
2.1 M. mylohyoideus .............................................................................................................................7
2.2 M. geniohyoideus ............................................................................................................................8
2.3 M. stylohoideus ...............................................................................................................................9
2.4 M. digastricus ............................................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Kaakbeweging .............................................................................................................................. 11
3 Aangezichtsspieren (Mimische spieren).................................................................................................12
3.1 M. occipitofrontalis ....................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 M. Corrugator supercilli ................................................................................................................. 15
3.3 M. Depressor supercilli .................................................................................................................. 16
3.4 M. Procerus................................................................................................................................... 16
3.5 M. Orbicularis oculi ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.6 M. Orbicularis oris ......................................................................................................................... 18
3.7 M. Buccinator................................................................................................................................ 18
3.8 M. Zygomaticus major................................................................................................................... 20
3.9 M. Risorius .................................................................................................................................... 20
3.10 M. Zygomaticus minor................................................................................................................... 21
3.11 M. Levator anguli oris.................................................................................................................... 21
3.12 M. Levator labii superior................................................................................................................ 22
3.13 M. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi ......................................................................................... 22
3.14 M. Nasalis ..................................................................................................................................... 23
3.15 M. Depressor anguli oris................................................................................................................ 23
3.16 M. Depressor labii inferiorus.......................................................................................................... 24
3.17 M. Mentalis................................................................................................................................... 24
3.18 Overige aangezichtspieren ............................................................................................................ 25
3.18.1 m. auricularis anterior .......................................................................................................... 25
3.18.2 m. auricularis superior ......................................................................................................... 25
3.18.3 m. auricularis posterior ........................................................................................................ 25
3.18.4 m. temporoparientalis ......................................................................................................... 25
1
,Ontleedkunde van het menselijke lichaam: Myologie van hoofd & hals
4 Halsspieren ............................................................................................................................................27
4.1 M. Longus colli .............................................................................................................................. 27
4.2 M. Longus capitis .......................................................................................................................... 28
4.3 Scalenus spieren ............................................................................................................................ 29
4.3.1 Scalenus anterior ...................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.2 Scalenus medius ....................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.3 Scalenus posterior .................................................................................................................... 29
4.4 M. sternocleidomastoideus............................................................................................................ 30
4.5 M. Platysma .................................................................................................................................. 31
5 Infrahyodale spieren..............................................................................................................................33
5.1 M. thyrohyoideus .......................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 M. sternothyroideus ...................................................................................................................... 34
5.3 M. sternohyoideus......................................................................................................................... 35
5.4 M. omohyoideus ........................................................................................................................... 36
6 Nekspieren ............................................................................................................................................38
6.1 M. rectus capitis posterior minor ................................................................................................... 38
6.2 M. rectus capitis posterior major ................................................................................................... 38
6.3 M. obliquus capitis inferior ............................................................................................................ 39
6.4 M. obliquus capitis superior ........................................................................................................... 39
6.5 M. semispinalis capitis................................................................................................................... 40
6.6 M. longissimus capitis ................................................................................................................... 41
6.7 M. Spelnius capitis......................................................................................................................... 42
6.8 M. Trapezius ................................................................................................................................. 43
2
, Ontleedkunde van het menselijke lichaam: Myologie van hoofd & hals
1 Kaakspieren
1.1 M. masseter
Kenmerken Dikke vierkante spier, bestaat uit
pars superfacialis (buitenste laag)
en pars profunda (diepe laag)
Origi Origi: jukboog (arcus zygomaticus)
• Pars superficialis: onderrand en
buitenzijde van het anterieure
2/3 vd jukboog (sutura
temporo-zygomatica)
• Pars profunda: onderrand vd
jukboog zowel aan de
buitenzijde (1/3 deel) als aan de
binnenzijde (3/3)
Verloop • Pars superficialis: caudaal en
dorsaal
• Pars profunda: caudaal
Insertio buitenzijde van ramus mandibulae
(tuberiositas masseterica) over een
vlak van de processus coronoideus
en angulus madibulae
Functie Sluiten van de mond, deels bij
potrusie en retrusie (schuine
vezels).
Optillen onderkaak (adductie)
Overige Bedekt door fascia masseterica die
naar dorsaal zich voortzet in de
fascia parotis
Zenuw n. massetericus, tak van de
n. Mandibularis (derde tak van de n.
Trigeminus)
3
ONTLEEDKUNDE VAN HET MENSELIJKE LICHAAM
,Ontleedkunde van het menselijke lichaam: Myologie van hoofd & hals
Inhoudsopgave
1 Kaakspieren .............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 M. masseter ....................................................................................................................................3
1.2 M. temporalis..................................................................................................................................4
1.3 M. pterygoideus lateralis .................................................................................................................5
1.4 M. pterygoideus medialis ................................................................................................................6
2 Supra-hyoidale spieren ............................................................................................................................7
2.1 M. mylohyoideus .............................................................................................................................7
2.2 M. geniohyoideus ............................................................................................................................8
2.3 M. stylohoideus ...............................................................................................................................9
2.4 M. digastricus ............................................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Kaakbeweging .............................................................................................................................. 11
3 Aangezichtsspieren (Mimische spieren).................................................................................................12
3.1 M. occipitofrontalis ....................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 M. Corrugator supercilli ................................................................................................................. 15
3.3 M. Depressor supercilli .................................................................................................................. 16
3.4 M. Procerus................................................................................................................................... 16
3.5 M. Orbicularis oculi ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.6 M. Orbicularis oris ......................................................................................................................... 18
3.7 M. Buccinator................................................................................................................................ 18
3.8 M. Zygomaticus major................................................................................................................... 20
3.9 M. Risorius .................................................................................................................................... 20
3.10 M. Zygomaticus minor................................................................................................................... 21
3.11 M. Levator anguli oris.................................................................................................................... 21
3.12 M. Levator labii superior................................................................................................................ 22
3.13 M. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi ......................................................................................... 22
3.14 M. Nasalis ..................................................................................................................................... 23
3.15 M. Depressor anguli oris................................................................................................................ 23
3.16 M. Depressor labii inferiorus.......................................................................................................... 24
3.17 M. Mentalis................................................................................................................................... 24
3.18 Overige aangezichtspieren ............................................................................................................ 25
3.18.1 m. auricularis anterior .......................................................................................................... 25
3.18.2 m. auricularis superior ......................................................................................................... 25
3.18.3 m. auricularis posterior ........................................................................................................ 25
3.18.4 m. temporoparientalis ......................................................................................................... 25
1
,Ontleedkunde van het menselijke lichaam: Myologie van hoofd & hals
4 Halsspieren ............................................................................................................................................27
4.1 M. Longus colli .............................................................................................................................. 27
4.2 M. Longus capitis .......................................................................................................................... 28
4.3 Scalenus spieren ............................................................................................................................ 29
4.3.1 Scalenus anterior ...................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.2 Scalenus medius ....................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.3 Scalenus posterior .................................................................................................................... 29
4.4 M. sternocleidomastoideus............................................................................................................ 30
4.5 M. Platysma .................................................................................................................................. 31
5 Infrahyodale spieren..............................................................................................................................33
5.1 M. thyrohyoideus .......................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 M. sternothyroideus ...................................................................................................................... 34
5.3 M. sternohyoideus......................................................................................................................... 35
5.4 M. omohyoideus ........................................................................................................................... 36
6 Nekspieren ............................................................................................................................................38
6.1 M. rectus capitis posterior minor ................................................................................................... 38
6.2 M. rectus capitis posterior major ................................................................................................... 38
6.3 M. obliquus capitis inferior ............................................................................................................ 39
6.4 M. obliquus capitis superior ........................................................................................................... 39
6.5 M. semispinalis capitis................................................................................................................... 40
6.6 M. longissimus capitis ................................................................................................................... 41
6.7 M. Spelnius capitis......................................................................................................................... 42
6.8 M. Trapezius ................................................................................................................................. 43
2
, Ontleedkunde van het menselijke lichaam: Myologie van hoofd & hals
1 Kaakspieren
1.1 M. masseter
Kenmerken Dikke vierkante spier, bestaat uit
pars superfacialis (buitenste laag)
en pars profunda (diepe laag)
Origi Origi: jukboog (arcus zygomaticus)
• Pars superficialis: onderrand en
buitenzijde van het anterieure
2/3 vd jukboog (sutura
temporo-zygomatica)
• Pars profunda: onderrand vd
jukboog zowel aan de
buitenzijde (1/3 deel) als aan de
binnenzijde (3/3)
Verloop • Pars superficialis: caudaal en
dorsaal
• Pars profunda: caudaal
Insertio buitenzijde van ramus mandibulae
(tuberiositas masseterica) over een
vlak van de processus coronoideus
en angulus madibulae
Functie Sluiten van de mond, deels bij
potrusie en retrusie (schuine
vezels).
Optillen onderkaak (adductie)
Overige Bedekt door fascia masseterica die
naar dorsaal zich voortzet in de
fascia parotis
Zenuw n. massetericus, tak van de
n. Mandibularis (derde tak van de n.
Trigeminus)
3
