NUR 325 Exam 2 Practice Questions and
Complete Solutions
An alert and orientated client has a blood glucose of 56 mg/dL following the 15/15 rule
what would be appropriate to give the client? (Select all that apply)
A. 1 cup milk
B 1 tbsp honey
C. 15 jelly beans
D. 3-4 glucose tablets
E. 1/2 cup regular soda/ juice ✅A, B, C, D, E
TRUE OR FALSE
In the US diabetes-related retinopathy is the leading cause of new cases of adult
blindness ✅True
Which disease process are related to diabetes mellitus
A. retinopathy
B. nephropathy
C. osteopathy
D. allelopathy
E. neuropathy ✅A, B, E
What is not a risk factor for impaired glucose regulation?
A. Pregnancy
B. Alaska Native
C. Age extreme (older adults, infants)
D. Low socioeconomic status ✅D.
Place the following characteristics into the appropriate category
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: ✅Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- new diagnosis more common in children and adolescents
- most individuals are thin or normal weight
- insulin deficiency
- autoimmune disorder
- require lifelong insulin replacement
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
- can be managed with diet/exercise, oral medication, and or insulin therapy
- most common type of diabetes
- becoming more common in children and adolescents
- insulin resistance
- most individuals are overweight or obese
, metformin (Glucophage) ✅Biguanide
Used for T2DM
Lowers blood glucose in 3 ways:
- Decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines
- Decreases synthesis of glucose by the liver
- Increases sensitivity of insulin receptors in tissues, decreasing insulin resistance
BLACK BOX WARNING: Alcohol increases the risk of lactic acidosis
pramlintide (Symlin) ✅Amylin mimetic
T1/ T2 DM
Reduces postprandial blood glucose by slowing gastric emptying, inhibits secretion of
glucagon, increases feelings of satiety
glizipide (Glucotrol) ✅Sulfonylureas
T2DM
Stimulates release of insulin from islet cells of the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels
regardless
Lactic acidosis ✅problem breaking down lactic acid. results in low blood pH
pioglitazone (Actos) ✅Thiazolidinediones
T2DM
Decreases insulin resistance, increases skeletal muscle and adipose cell uptake
Humalog (insulin lispro) ✅Rapid-acting
Onset: 15 to 30 mins
Peak: 0.5 to 2.5 hours
Duration: 3-6 hours
Humulin N (NPH insulin) ✅Intermediate-acting
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 6-14 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Humulin R (regular insulin) ✅Short-acting
Onset: 30-60 mins
Peak: 1-5 hours
Duration: 6-10 hours
Lantus (insulin glargine) ✅Long-acting
Onset: 70 mins
Peak: no peak, levels remain steady
Duration: 18-24 hours
Complete Solutions
An alert and orientated client has a blood glucose of 56 mg/dL following the 15/15 rule
what would be appropriate to give the client? (Select all that apply)
A. 1 cup milk
B 1 tbsp honey
C. 15 jelly beans
D. 3-4 glucose tablets
E. 1/2 cup regular soda/ juice ✅A, B, C, D, E
TRUE OR FALSE
In the US diabetes-related retinopathy is the leading cause of new cases of adult
blindness ✅True
Which disease process are related to diabetes mellitus
A. retinopathy
B. nephropathy
C. osteopathy
D. allelopathy
E. neuropathy ✅A, B, E
What is not a risk factor for impaired glucose regulation?
A. Pregnancy
B. Alaska Native
C. Age extreme (older adults, infants)
D. Low socioeconomic status ✅D.
Place the following characteristics into the appropriate category
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: ✅Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- new diagnosis more common in children and adolescents
- most individuals are thin or normal weight
- insulin deficiency
- autoimmune disorder
- require lifelong insulin replacement
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
- can be managed with diet/exercise, oral medication, and or insulin therapy
- most common type of diabetes
- becoming more common in children and adolescents
- insulin resistance
- most individuals are overweight or obese
, metformin (Glucophage) ✅Biguanide
Used for T2DM
Lowers blood glucose in 3 ways:
- Decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines
- Decreases synthesis of glucose by the liver
- Increases sensitivity of insulin receptors in tissues, decreasing insulin resistance
BLACK BOX WARNING: Alcohol increases the risk of lactic acidosis
pramlintide (Symlin) ✅Amylin mimetic
T1/ T2 DM
Reduces postprandial blood glucose by slowing gastric emptying, inhibits secretion of
glucagon, increases feelings of satiety
glizipide (Glucotrol) ✅Sulfonylureas
T2DM
Stimulates release of insulin from islet cells of the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels
regardless
Lactic acidosis ✅problem breaking down lactic acid. results in low blood pH
pioglitazone (Actos) ✅Thiazolidinediones
T2DM
Decreases insulin resistance, increases skeletal muscle and adipose cell uptake
Humalog (insulin lispro) ✅Rapid-acting
Onset: 15 to 30 mins
Peak: 0.5 to 2.5 hours
Duration: 3-6 hours
Humulin N (NPH insulin) ✅Intermediate-acting
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 6-14 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Humulin R (regular insulin) ✅Short-acting
Onset: 30-60 mins
Peak: 1-5 hours
Duration: 6-10 hours
Lantus (insulin glargine) ✅Long-acting
Onset: 70 mins
Peak: no peak, levels remain steady
Duration: 18-24 hours
