NDFS 100 Exam 2 || with 100% Error-free Answers.
Protein structure correct answers long chains of amino acids
amino acids correct answers building blocks of proteins
formed mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? correct answers An amine group, a carboxyl group,
and a functional R-group.
What is the difference between the essential and nonessential amino acids? correct answers The
essential amino acids must be obtained from foods because body cells cannot make the needed
carbon-based foundation of the amino acid, cannot put a nitrogen group on the needed carbon-
based foundation, or just cannot do the whole process fast enough to meet body needs.
What are some examples of conditions in which a nonessential amino acid becomes essential?
correct answers the need for amino acids to promote healing during recovery from surgery or
burns is so high that synthesis of nonessential amino acids, especially arginine and glutamine,
cannot keep up with demands.
phenylketonuria
Why is the amino acid order within a protein important? correct answers The sequential order of
the amino acids and the bonding between amino acid side chains then determines the protein's
shape, which ultimately affects its function. Only correctly positioned amino acids can interact
and fold properly to form the intended shape for the protein
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis? correct answers DNA present in the nucleus of the
cell contains coded instructions for protein synthesis and organization, including which specific
amino acids are to be placed in a protein and in which order.
What are the steps of protein synthesis? correct answers The DNA code is transferred by mRNA
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the DNA code to
the ribosomes, where protein translation occurs Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a
time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain polypeptide chain twists
and folds into three-dimensional structure of the intended protein
What are some of the ways a protein can become denatured? correct answers The heat produced
during cooking starts the denaturation of some proteins.
After food is ingested, the secretion of stomach acid denatures many forms of proteins in foods,
making it safer to eat.
forming a peptide bond correct answers condensation/dehydration
protein digestion correct answers begins in stomach with pepsin, completed by team of diff
enzymes in the lumen of sm intestines and epithelium of sm intestines which break polypeptides
into small peptides into amino acids
, protein absorption correct answers Proteins enter into the blood stream by coupling with Na+
down the concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion.
protein metabolism correct answers Amino acids are either oxidized to produce ATP or used to
synthesize new proteins
Excess dietary amino acids are not excreted but converted into glucose (gluconeogenesis) or
triglycerides (lipogenesis)
Functions of protein in the body correct answers synthesis of hormones
synthesis of enzymes
supports the immune response
protein equilibrium correct answers a state in which protein intake is equal to related protein
losses; the person is said to be in protein balance
protein balance correct answers If a person uses more of the protein consumed than is excreted,
they are said to be in "positive" protein balance. If a person excretes more protein than they are
consuming, they are said to be in "negative" protein balance.
high quality proteins correct answers dietary proteins containing all the essential amino acids in
relatively the same amounts that human beings require. They may also contain nonessential
amino acids.
complementary proteins correct answers two or more dietary proteins whose amino acid
assortments complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from
one are supplied by the other
plant proteins correct answers incomplete proteins
What types of foods contain high-quality proteins? correct answers animal proteins
Why are complementary proteins important when pairing plant food sources? correct answers
will supply the body with adequate amounts of all essential amino acids.
What are the eight foods responsible for most food allergies? correct answers peanuts, tree nuts,
milk products, soy, wheat, eggs, fish, shellfish
What is the RDA for protein for a person weighing 70 kilograms? correct answers 56 grams
how to calculate protein rda correct answers The protein RDA is 0.8 grams/kg of body weight
for a healthy, typical adult.
Convert pounds to kilograms correct answers divide the weight in pounds by 2.2
Protein structure correct answers long chains of amino acids
amino acids correct answers building blocks of proteins
formed mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? correct answers An amine group, a carboxyl group,
and a functional R-group.
What is the difference between the essential and nonessential amino acids? correct answers The
essential amino acids must be obtained from foods because body cells cannot make the needed
carbon-based foundation of the amino acid, cannot put a nitrogen group on the needed carbon-
based foundation, or just cannot do the whole process fast enough to meet body needs.
What are some examples of conditions in which a nonessential amino acid becomes essential?
correct answers the need for amino acids to promote healing during recovery from surgery or
burns is so high that synthesis of nonessential amino acids, especially arginine and glutamine,
cannot keep up with demands.
phenylketonuria
Why is the amino acid order within a protein important? correct answers The sequential order of
the amino acids and the bonding between amino acid side chains then determines the protein's
shape, which ultimately affects its function. Only correctly positioned amino acids can interact
and fold properly to form the intended shape for the protein
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis? correct answers DNA present in the nucleus of the
cell contains coded instructions for protein synthesis and organization, including which specific
amino acids are to be placed in a protein and in which order.
What are the steps of protein synthesis? correct answers The DNA code is transferred by mRNA
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the DNA code to
the ribosomes, where protein translation occurs Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a
time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain polypeptide chain twists
and folds into three-dimensional structure of the intended protein
What are some of the ways a protein can become denatured? correct answers The heat produced
during cooking starts the denaturation of some proteins.
After food is ingested, the secretion of stomach acid denatures many forms of proteins in foods,
making it safer to eat.
forming a peptide bond correct answers condensation/dehydration
protein digestion correct answers begins in stomach with pepsin, completed by team of diff
enzymes in the lumen of sm intestines and epithelium of sm intestines which break polypeptides
into small peptides into amino acids
, protein absorption correct answers Proteins enter into the blood stream by coupling with Na+
down the concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion.
protein metabolism correct answers Amino acids are either oxidized to produce ATP or used to
synthesize new proteins
Excess dietary amino acids are not excreted but converted into glucose (gluconeogenesis) or
triglycerides (lipogenesis)
Functions of protein in the body correct answers synthesis of hormones
synthesis of enzymes
supports the immune response
protein equilibrium correct answers a state in which protein intake is equal to related protein
losses; the person is said to be in protein balance
protein balance correct answers If a person uses more of the protein consumed than is excreted,
they are said to be in "positive" protein balance. If a person excretes more protein than they are
consuming, they are said to be in "negative" protein balance.
high quality proteins correct answers dietary proteins containing all the essential amino acids in
relatively the same amounts that human beings require. They may also contain nonessential
amino acids.
complementary proteins correct answers two or more dietary proteins whose amino acid
assortments complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from
one are supplied by the other
plant proteins correct answers incomplete proteins
What types of foods contain high-quality proteins? correct answers animal proteins
Why are complementary proteins important when pairing plant food sources? correct answers
will supply the body with adequate amounts of all essential amino acids.
What are the eight foods responsible for most food allergies? correct answers peanuts, tree nuts,
milk products, soy, wheat, eggs, fish, shellfish
What is the RDA for protein for a person weighing 70 kilograms? correct answers 56 grams
how to calculate protein rda correct answers The protein RDA is 0.8 grams/kg of body weight
for a healthy, typical adult.
Convert pounds to kilograms correct answers divide the weight in pounds by 2.2
