NURSING 101 (Summary Summary Marilyn Hughes Age: 45 years Diagnosis: Lower Leg Fracture Complete Log.)

The initial reproductive structures of the male and female embryos appear the same until which week of gestation? a. Third c. Twentieth b. Eighth d. Thirtieth ANS: B Between 6 and 7 weeksÕ gestation, the male embryo differentiates under the influence of testes-determining factor (TDF). In the absence of testosterone, a loss of the wolffian system occurs and the two gonads develop into ovaries at 6 to 8 weeksÕ gestation. PTS: 1 REF: Page 769 2. The absence of which major hormone is a d...

Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia? a. Blunted affect c. Poverty of speech b. Auditory hallucinations d. Lack of social interaction ANS: B Positive symptoms frequently occur during a psychotic episode, when an individual loses touch with reality and experiences something that should be absent (e.g., hallucinations). The remaining options are classified as negative symptoms. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 644-646 2. The onset of schizophrenia can be triggered by which prenat...

The functional kidney is associated with which embryonic organ? a. Metanephros c. Pronephros b. Mesonephros d. Endonephros ANS: A The functional kidney is associated with the metanephros. The kidney develops from three sets of structures: the pronephros (nonfunctional by the end of the embryonic period), mesonephros (nonfunctional), and metanephros (the functional kidney). Endonephros is not relevant to this process. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1376-1377 | Figure 39-1 2. When does urine formation...

Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is elevated in atopic dermatitis? a. IgA c. IgE b. IgM d. IgG ANS: C In the acute phase of atopic dermatitis, inflammation is associated with the activation of T helper 1 (Th-1) cells with an overexpression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]Ð4, IL-5, and IL13) and chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1) and 18 (CCL18) with increases in IgE, eosinophils, and macrophages. The remaining options will not be elevated as related to atopic dermatitis. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1654 2. Which leu...

. Most cardiovascular developments occur between which weeks of gestation? a. Fourth and seventh weeks c. Twelfth and fourteenth weeks b. Eighth and tenth weeks d. Fifteenth and seventeenth weeks ANS: A Cardiogenesis begins at approximately 3 weeksÕ gestation; however, most cardiovascular development occurs between 4 and 7 weeksÕ gestation. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1194 2. The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? a. Right-to-left blood shunting c. Blood flow from the u...

Which characteristic among women correlates with a high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? a. Women older than 45 years of age b. Women who have never had children c. Women who have a high body mass index D. Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years ANS: C A recent hypothesis states that the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidney, and adenomas of the esophagus may be associated with obesity. No current research suppo...

1. The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the: a. Medulla c. Pyramids b. Cortex d. Columns ANS: B The cortex contains all the glomeruli and portions of the tubules of the kidneys. Although the other options are also located in the kidney, they do not contain the glomeruli. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1320 2. What is the functional unit of the kidney called? a. Glomerulus c. Collecting duct b. Nephron d. Pyramid ANS: B The nephron is the function...

Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an): a. Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens b. Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person c. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease d. Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens ANS: C Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host. The other options are not accurate definitions of hypersensitivity. ...

1. Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, where does growth in the length of bone occur? a. Epiphyseal line c. Epiphyseal cartilage b. Physeal plate d. Metaphyseal plate ANS: B Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, growth in the length of bone occurs only at the physeal plate through endochondral ossification. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1592 2. Which skeletal deformity is normal at birth but generally disappears by 21 / 2 years of age? a. Genu varum (bowle...

. Diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) of the brain often result in: a. Reduced levels of consciousness c. Fine motor tremors b. Mild but permanent dysfunction d. Visual disturbances ANS: A Focal brain injuries account for more than two-thirds of head injury deaths; DAIs accounts for less than one third. However, more severely disabled survivors, including those in an unresponsive state or reduced level of consciousness, have DAIs. The other options do not appropriately complete the stem. PTS: 1...