Biology (BIO1A)

These well-structured notes provide an in-depth overview of molecular biology, tailored for university-level studies. Covering foundational topics like DNA structure, replication, transcription, and translation, the notes also delve into advanced concepts such as gene regulation, the central dogma, molecular techniques like PCR and CRISPR, and applications in medicine and biotechnology. Perfect for students preparing for exams, writing research papers, or seeking to understand the molecular basi...

Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion Controlling the internal environment Osmoregulation Nitrogenous wastes Excretory systems Mammalian excretory systems2 processes of homeostasis: 1. Osmoregulation - regulation of solute balance and the gain and loss of water. 2. Excretion of nitrogen containing waste products of metabolism. Controlling the Internal EnvironmentAquatic animals: Maintain water balance by compensating for net osmosis between external environment and internal fluid...