OBGYN

REPRODUCTIVE TRACT FISTULA This refers to the presence of abnormal communication between the reproductive tract and either or both the urinary tract or GIT.  REPRODUCTIVE TRACT FISTULA: CAUSES 1.Obstetric causes Prolonged labour and Obstructed labour. When labour is prolonged or obstructed, the foetal head exerts continuous pressure against the mother’s pelvis, greatly reducing the flow of blood to the soft tissues surrounding the vagina, bladder, urethra, and/or rectum. If the mothe...

GENITAL PROLAPSE Genital prolapse refers to protrusion/sagging/herniation of the pelvic organs into or out of the vaginal canal CLASSIFICATION • Cystocele – descend of the posterior bladder wall into the vagina. It occurs when support between the vagina and bladder is weakened. • Urethrocele – sagging or descend of the urethra into the vagina. It often accompanies cystocele. • Rectocele – a recto-vaginal hernia into the vagina. It results from weakening between the vagina ...

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION A sexual problem, or sexual dysfunction, refers to a problem during any phase of the sexual response cycle that prevents the individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity. The sexual response cycle has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Both men and women are affected by sexual dysfunction. Sexual problems occur in adults of all ages. However, older adults are more affected due to changes associated with n...

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS/DISORDERS STI/STDs refers to a variety of clinical syndromes and infections caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity. STI/STDs are infections acquired during heterosexual or homosexual intercourse with an infected person. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS/ DISORDERS Characteristics shared by sexually transmitted diseases/infections STDs can be transmitted by any sexual activity between opposite sex or same sex ...

HYSTERECTOMY • Hysterectomy is surgical removal of the uterus • It may be done either vaginally or abdominally • The vaginal route is used when vaginal repair is to be done in addition to removal of uterus • Abdominal route is used in case of - Large tumors - Exploration of pelvic cavity - Need to remove fallopian tubes and ovaries HYSTERECTOMY: Indications Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Endometriosis Fibroids Uterine rupture Chronic PID Malignancies in early stage...

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE • PID s an inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity involving the uterus (endometritis), cervix (cervicitis), fallopian tubes (salpingitis), ovaries (oophoritis), pelvic peritoneum and or pelvic vascular system. • May be acute, sub-acute, chronic or recurrent • It may be confined to one structure (localized) or involve all the structures (widespread) PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE Causative organisms • The main causative org...

Explain the relationship between Effacement and Dilation. Effacement means that the cervix stretches and gets thinner. Dilatation means that the cervix opens. As labor nears, the cervix may start to thin or stretch (efface) and open (dilate). In regards to the passenger, why is fetal attitude important? Because it deals with the fetus's posture. In regards to the passenger, there are 2 fetal lies. What are they? In regards to the passenger, there are 3 main fetal presenta...

Sacroiliac ligament correct answers Attaches Sarum & iliac bones Sacrosciatic ligament correct answers Connects the sacrum, iliac, and coccyx Pubic ligament correct answers Connects the two pubic rami Cardinal (lateral) ligament correct answers Connects the uterus at the level of the cervix to provide support for the uterus Broad ligament correct answers Extends from the lateral aspects of the uterus and attaches to the lateral pelvic side wall Sacro-uterine ligamen...