Psychology

When people rely on mental shortcuts to reach a conclusion or make a decision, they often fail to take into account how common a behaviour or characteristic is in general. This kind of information is called the __________ by psychological scientists. a) schematome b) base rate c) ground level d) prototype - Answer b) base rate Humans have developed strategies that keep our decision-making to a manageable minimum by relying on "fast and frugal" thinking. This kind of frugality is mor...

Psychology - Answer The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Aristotle - Answer The first Western thinker to study psychological topics. He combined the logic of philosophy and empirical observation. De Anima is regarded as the first systematic treatise on psychology. Its topics included such basic psychological processes as the senses, perception, memory, thinking, and motivation. Wilhelm Wundt - Answer German physiologist, generally credited as being the founder of ps...

Research suggests that stress-producing events are? - Answer - Universal _______ is the term used to describe physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging. - Answer - Stress The tendency to overestimate people's fragility and underestimate their resilience is known as? - Answer - Clinician's illusion _______ is the tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains the ability to cope effectivel...

By the end of the first year, what might we expect to see in terms of body growth (height and weight)? - Answer Height- 32 in. -9 months: "baby fat" peaks- helps maintain body temp. -Cephalocaudal trend: head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body What about by the end of the second year? - Answer Height: 36 in -Trim down: trend that continues to middle childhood What impact does motor development have on social relationships? (2 examples) - Answer 1. Telling a ch...

what do all babies have in common? - Answer caregivers social and cultural network - Answer where learning happens- connected to various people through social relationships children's general abilities when born include: - Answer ability to form relationships, preference for human speech and faces, ability to emit social signals explain the experiment testing newborn preferences to faces - Answer infants were shown a paddle that either had no decal features, scrambled features,...

Basic human emotions - Answer (5) Fear, sadness, happiness, anger, disgust Natural Observation - Answer -Non laboratory setting, but many important behaviors are infrequent -behavior may also be affected by the presence of the observer -Requires RATER AGREEMENT Emotional Expression in Infancy - Answer Terms of features: interest, joy, sadness/distress, anger Stranger Anxiety - Answer UNTIL AGE 2 -fears stranger even when parent is present. -Large individual differences S...

what is the nature vs nurture debate? - Answer nature was is the idea that knowledge is present at birth (created by Plato) nurture is the idea that knowledge is gained through experience (Aristotle) what is the moral definition of nature vs nurture? - Answer Rousseau says that people are born knowing right from wrong. Locke created "tabula rusa" which states blank slate, that infants have to learn the difference between right and wrong. Discontinuous vs Continuous growth - Answer ...

What is the takeaway from the baby head-turning experiment? - Answer Babies turned their neck, working harder to see a face on a paddle over random designs. Suggests babies have a preference for human faces, are ready to form relationships What is the still-face paradigm? - Answer -Mom's don a neutral express and stop interacting -Babies respond by doing everything they can to reignite the social interaction, eventually cry takeaway: babies not only want to be near with caregivers, th...

Sense of self: - Answer unique sense of identity influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences. 1. Social cognition: - Answer refers to how we form impressions of other people, how we interpret the meaning of other people's behavior, and how our behavior is affected by our attitudes. 2. Social Influence: - Answer focuses on how our behavior is affected by other people and by situational factors. 3. Social Norms: - Answer How people believe others should act in a...

What is counseling psychology? - Answer a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being How is counseling psychology different to clinical? - Answer Counseling psychology focuses on career/vocational assessment and therapy Humanistic approach Focuses on strengths more likley in college counseling settings not private practices What makes counseling psychology unique - Answer C...