PSYCH 111

Sensation - correct answers is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception - correct answers is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Bottom-up processing - correct answers analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains's integration of sensory information. Example: putting a puzzle together...

Learning - correct answers Any durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. Conditioning - correct answers Learning about associations. Ivan Pavlov () - correct answers Psychologist who conditioned dogs to salivate from the ring of a bell by associating a bell noise with food. Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - correct answers The stimulus that evokes and unconditioned response without previous conditioning. Unconditioned Response (UR) - correct answers Behavior that...

What is Psychology? - correct answers Scientific study of thoughts,feelings, and behaviors What is Psychology based on? - correct answers Based on scienIfic research and empirical evidence What is empirical evidence? - correct answers data gathered via careful observaIon, experimentaIon,and measurement Psychological researches strive to discover? - correct answers new phenomena and correct mistaken ideas,but also to deepen our understanding of an already familiar world Psychology h...

Definition of naturalistic observations and example - correct answers Systematic observation of animals or humans in their natural settings - wolves Benefits of naturalistic observations - correct answers -Describes behavior - Stimulate creation of new hypotheses to be tested - Highly generalizable to real world - Verify lab results - Confirm or refute theories Disadvantages to naturalistic observations - correct answers - Cant determine cause and effect - Researcher may influence re...

What are the 4 basic criteria for critical thinking? - correct answers 1. There are very few "truths" that do not need to be subjected to testing 2. All evidence is not equal in quality. 3. Just cause they're an authority doesn't make the claim automatically true 4. Open mind Placebo effect - correct answers if people believe strongly enough it can seem to work but it is completely mental Basic research and medical research - correct answers Basic research- studies the relationship ...

Memory - correct answers Active system that receives information from the senses, puts it into a usable form, organizes it, stores it away, and then retrieves it from storage. 3 Processes of Memory - correct answers Encoding: putting it in Storage: Keeping it Retrieval: Getting it out 3 Models of Memory - correct answers Information-Processing Model - step by step Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) - at the same time Levels-of-Processing Model - deeper processing = longer retained ...

Personality - correct answers an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving projective test - correct answers tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals' personalities by analysis of their responses to a standard series of ambiguous stimuli Types of Projective tests: - correct answers Thematic Apperception Test & Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception test - correct answers a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and...

Kelly's Attribution Theory - correct answers For behaviors that are consistent, people make personal attributions when consensus and distinctiveness are low People will make stimulus (situational) attributions when consensus and distinctiveness are high Fundamental Attribution Error - correct answers When explaining the behavior of other people, we tend to overestimate the role of personal (dispositional) factors and underestimate the role of situational factors Mere-exposure effect - ...

Concept - correct answers a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people Prototype - correct answers a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to this provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories. Used when classifying objects. Algorithm - correct answers a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier use of heuristics. (1 of 2 problem solving methods) He...

action potential - correct answers an excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength, no matter how far it travels axon - correct answers a single, long, thin, straight fiber with branches near its tip cell body - correct answers contains the nucleus of a cell dendrite - correct answers ("tree") widely branching structures that receive input from other neurons dopamine - correct answers the neurotransmitter glia - correct answers cells that support the neurons in m...