State University Of New York - Binghamton

Definition of naturalistic observations and example - correct answers Systematic observation of animals or humans in their natural settings - wolves Benefits of naturalistic observations - correct answers -Describes behavior - Stimulate creation of new hypotheses to be tested - Highly generalizable to real world - Verify lab results - Confirm or refute theories Disadvantages to naturalistic observations - correct answers - Cant determine cause and effect - Researcher may influence re...

What are the 4 basic criteria for critical thinking? - correct answers 1. There are very few "truths" that do not need to be subjected to testing 2. All evidence is not equal in quality. 3. Just cause they're an authority doesn't make the claim automatically true 4. Open mind Placebo effect - correct answers if people believe strongly enough it can seem to work but it is completely mental Basic research and medical research - correct answers Basic research- studies the relationship ...

Memory - correct answers Active system that receives information from the senses, puts it into a usable form, organizes it, stores it away, and then retrieves it from storage. 3 Processes of Memory - correct answers Encoding: putting it in Storage: Keeping it Retrieval: Getting it out 3 Models of Memory - correct answers Information-Processing Model - step by step Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) - at the same time Levels-of-Processing Model - deeper processing = longer retained ...

Personality - correct answers an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving projective test - correct answers tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals' personalities by analysis of their responses to a standard series of ambiguous stimuli Types of Projective tests: - correct answers Thematic Apperception Test & Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception test - correct answers a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and...

Kelly's Attribution Theory - correct answers For behaviors that are consistent, people make personal attributions when consensus and distinctiveness are low People will make stimulus (situational) attributions when consensus and distinctiveness are high Fundamental Attribution Error - correct answers When explaining the behavior of other people, we tend to overestimate the role of personal (dispositional) factors and underestimate the role of situational factors Mere-exposure effect - ...

Concept - correct answers a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people Prototype - correct answers a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to this provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories. Used when classifying objects. Algorithm - correct answers a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier use of heuristics. (1 of 2 problem solving methods) He...

action potential - correct answers an excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength, no matter how far it travels axon - correct answers a single, long, thin, straight fiber with branches near its tip cell body - correct answers contains the nucleus of a cell dendrite - correct answers ("tree") widely branching structures that receive input from other neurons dopamine - correct answers the neurotransmitter glia - correct answers cells that support the neurons in m...

What are the major subdisciplines within current Psychology and what do they study? - correct answers Clinical - Understand and treat mental illness Cognitive - basic skills and processes in attention, memory, language perception Cultural - How geography, national beliefs, and religious values influence mental life and behavior Developmental - How people can change across lifespan Health - Relationship between psychological processes and physical health Industrial/Organizational -...

Psychology definition - correct answers the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Nativism (nature) -Plato - correct answers the theory or doctrine that concepts, mental capacities, and mental structures are innate rather than acquired or learned. Empiricism (nurture) -Aristotle - correct answers knowledge is gained through experiences (senses) Rene Descartes - correct answers Dualism Thomas Hobbes - correct answers the mind is what the brain does Paul Broca - correct ...

For any mental disorders, know the general symptoms and characteristics. - correct answers Cognitive Dissonance - correct answers An unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs. False Memory - correct answers When people come up with memories that never occurred at all Examples - People who create memories from childhood that never happened - When people create trauma/abuse that never happened - People remember events that didn't happ...