Med Surg Nur 265 (NUR265)
Galen College Of Nursing
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NUR 265 Advanced Exam 1 STUDY GUIDE
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NUR 265 Advanced 
Exam 1 STUDY 
GUIDE. Anatomy of the Kidney: 
- The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. 
- Normal GFR is 120-125. 
- If 75% of nephrons quit = renal insufficiency. 
- Kidneys are sensitive to changes in cardiac output. VOLUME DEPENDENT. A decrease in 
urine output indicates a decrease in cardiac output. 
- If the SBP is below 70 for over 40 minutes, the kidney will become hypo then ischemic. 
- If the SBP drops, the arterioles dilate. If the SBP elevate, arterioles con...
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NUR 265 Study Guide Adv. Med Surg. Test 1 (100% Correct)
- Exam (elaborations) • 20 pages • 2021
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Renal Failure 
1. Compare the pathophysiology of acute and chronic renal 
failure. 
o Acute: Reversible; onset is hrs. to days; must intervene ASAP 
**Preventing volume depletion (hypovolemia, fluid volume deficit) is a 
nursing priority because this is the most common cause of AKI; 
Recognizing the early s/s (low urine output, orthostatic hypotension, 
decreased systolic BP, decreased P, thirst, and rising blood osmolarity) 
and intervening to restore volume can reverse AKI and prevent 
permane...
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NUR 265 EXAM ONE STUDY GUIDE
- Exam (elaborations) • 28 pages • 2021
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Nephrotic Syndrome: 
o NS is a condition of increased glomerular permeability that 
allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the 
urine and then be excreted. 
o Immunological Kidney disorder 
o This causes massive loss of protein in the urine, edema 
formation, and decreased plasma albumin levels. 
 Proteinuria- severe protein loss more than 3.5 g in 24- 
hour urine sample. 
o Key features: 
 Massive proteinuria >3.5g / 24hrs 
 Hypoalbuminemia <3g/dL 
 Edema...
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