usmle

abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly (Ans- Budd-Chiari syndrome Familial hypercholesterolemia (Ans- achilles tendon xanthoma adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC (Ans- Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome biochemistry of Marfan's syndrome (Ans- fibrillin defect posthepatic venous thrombosis (Ans- Budd-Chiari syndrome Familial hypercholesterolemia biochemistry (Ans- decrease in LDL receptor signaling Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome cause (Ans- meningococcemia ara...

Pseudogout associations (Ans - hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, acromegaly, hypothyroidism Gout crystals (Ans - negatively birefringent needles Pseudogout crystals (Ans - positively birefringent needles Vasculitis associated with chronic Hep B (Ans - polyarteritis nodosa Vasculitis associated with chronic Hep C (Ans - cryoglobulinemia Best blood test for polyarteritis nodosa (Ans - There is none. Get abdominal angiography first, then biopsy of muscle, skin, or sural ner...

histones are rich in which 2 AA's (Ans- lysine & argenine Barr bodies (what, type of chromatin) (Ans- inactive X chromosomes heterochromatin (highly condensed, sterically inaccessible) less condensed, transcriptionally active, sterically accessible chromatin (Ans- euchromatin DNA methylation at CpG islands (Ans- represses transcription "CpG Methylation makes DNA Mute" DNA methylation (what is methylated and why?) (Ans- template strand cytosine and adenine are methylate...

What is the deficient enzyme in Fabry's disease? (Ans- alpha-galactosidase A What is the accumulated substrate and inheritance in Fabry's disease? (Ans- ceramide trihexoside and XR What are the findings in fabry's disease? (Ans- peripheral neuropathy of hands/feet, angiokeratomas, cardiovascular /renal disease What is the deficient enzyme in Gaucher's disease? (Ans- Glucocerebrosidase What is the accumulated substrat

What are the two major microtubular motor proteins? Which does anterograde axonal transport, which does retrograde axonal transport? (Ans- Kinesin, Dynein Kinesin: Anterograde Dynein: Retrograde` What do you think, immunologically speaking, when you see someone with recurrent Neisseria infections? (Ans- Inability to form the membrane attack (MAC) complex this is a common complement deficiency What is the defect in Chronic Granulomatous disease? What is the pathophysiology? (Ans- N...

What are the three things a USMLE question about genetics will ask you to do using a pedigree? (Ans- Recognize a mode of inheritance Predict the recurrence risk of a disease, say in an unborn child Identify an OBLIGATE carrier for disease How do you determine the probability of an unborn child being affected by an AR trait when you know the father is a carrier and the mother has probability X of being a carrier? (Ans- Multiply the odds of the baby being affected IF the mother was a carr...

Erythromycin (Ans- 50S ribosome, inhibits TRANSLOCATION (movement of tRNA-aa from acceptor site to peptidyl site) clindamycin, chloramphenicol (Ans- 50 ribosome, inhibits PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE (incorporation of new a.a.'s into growing strand) Linezolid (Ans- 50S protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline (Ans- 30S ribosome, blocks tRNA-aa from binding to ACCEPTOR SITE on mRNA aminoglycosides (Ans- 30S ribosome, blocks INITIATION of translation and induces PREMATURE TERMINATIO...

Clues to ischemic disease (Ans- dull pain 15-30 minutes occurs on exertion substernal radiates to jaw or left arm PE findings for ischemic chest pain (Ans- S3 (dilated LV) S4 (hypertrophic LV) holosystolic murmur (MR) JVD Rales (CHF) Edema Gen: distressed, SOB, clutching chest. MI: diagnostic testing: 1. first test to do: 2. if choosing between testing and treatment: 3. first treatment to give: 4. Other tests to do: 5. most accurate test: (Ans- 1. EKG 2. tr...

what is the embryonal origin of the adrenal cortex? (Ans- mesoderm what is the embryonal origin of the adrenal medulla? what are the cells of the adrenal medulla called? (Ans- neural crest; chromaffin cells T/F the chromaffin cells of the adrenal cortex are are considered preganglionic (Ans- false- postganglionic and ganglionic sympathetic what autonomic is the adrenal medulla innervated by? what are the NT? what are the receptors called? what kind of receptors are they? (Ans- s...