Evolution exam 1 stuvia - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

1. Darwin described evolution using the phrase "descent with modification." Please select the response that describes most accurately from a modern perspective what the phrase entails. A) Evolution takes a long time - it is a gradual process - and produces decent results. B) Evolution is a natural phenomenon that is ongoing, changing individuals even today. C) Closely related species are similar at the genetic, developmental, and structural levels. D) Populations living today are identi...

Have scientists proven that life exists? - ANSWER_No Big Bang - ANSWER_Theory of how the universe formed 16-18 billion years ago Symbiosis - ANSWER_the interaction between two different organisms living in close association "life coming together" Spontaneous Generation - ANSWER_Theory that life arose spontaneously from inanimate matter. Not a widely held belief among scientists Biogenesis Hypothesis - ANSWER_Theory that living matter created by pre-existing living matter Haldan...

INCOSE Systems Engineering ASEP Exam Guide 2023 @ STUVATE- STUVIA USA Life Cycle Model - 1. Concept 2. Development 3. Production 4. Utilization 5. Support 6. Retirement Process Groups - 1. Technical Processes 2. Technical Management Processes 3. Agreement Processes 4. Organizational Project-Enabling Processes IPO diagram - Input-Process-Output diagrams describe: 1. Inputs 2. Activities/Processes 3. Outputs System - An integrated set of elements, subsystems, or assemblies t...

great chain of being - ANSWERSa hierarchical structure that distinguishes all things linearly based on medieval Christian beliefs that God intended for such order to exist in his world. God is at the top, angels, planets, kings, nobles, commoners, animals, plants, stones, metals, elements. Before adopted by medieval Christians, probably derived from philosophers like Aristotle and Plato. The natural order was present in society in terms of class and status, with exemplary challenges to the conce...

micro vs macro evolution -ANSWER micro: natural selection, mutation, migration, drift, sexual selection *(within species)* macro: speciation, extinction, phylogenetic analysis, coevolution, patterns of character evolution evolution occurs at what level? -ANSWER population NOT individual plato aristotle malthus Paley lamarck erasmus darwin lyell (uniform??) linneaus wallace luria and delbruck kimura hamilton and zuk buffon -ANSWER plato- eidos- ideal fit to environment *eidos...

Darwin - ANSWERShis insights formed the foundations of evolutionary history contributions Darwin - ANSWERShe went to medical school in Edinburgh and was interested in nature Darwin - ANSWERStrained to become a clergyman at Cambridge Voyage of the Beagle - ANSWERSmission to expand Navy's knowledge of natural resources in foreign lands voyage of the Beagle - ANSWERSexpedition that took 5 years and toured around the southern hemisphere. Darwin was on this voyage Darwin concluded t...

Descent with Modification - ANSWERS1. All species share common ancestry 2. Changes occur through natural selection Darwin and Wallace's insights - ANSWERSManuscripts with identical theories: 1) A population process: populations evolve, individuals don't 2) All organisms have a common ancestor How do we know something in science - ANSWERSDirect experimentation- control confounding variables Indirect experimentation- inference based on application of principles and laws in which ...

Adaptation - ANSWERSchange in DNA in species/population because of fitness advantage ex: lengthening of a giraffe neck over time acclimatization - ANSWERSchange in individual physiology, not heritable ex: adjusting hemoglobin levels at high altitude Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ANSWERScondition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time (observed match expected values) In a population of butterflies has the following gene frequencies...

Evolution - ANSWERS1. theory that all organisms are related by common ancestry and due to descent with modification, changed over time 2. change in genotype/genetic make-up of a population from one generation to the next What must happen for evolution to occur by natural selection - ANSWERS1. individuals must vary/be different 2. traits must be heritable 3. differential of survival: survival and reproductive success must vary and it's not by chance Adaptive Evolution - ANSWERSindivid...

Biological evolution - ANSWERSAny change in the inherited traits of a population that occurs from one generation to the next (i.e., over a time period longer than the lifetime of an individual in the population) Change has to be passed down Encoded in genes Natural Selection - ANSWERSMechanism that can lead to evolution, whereby differential survival and reproduction of individuals cause some genetic types to out-compete others NOT survival of the fittest ( only true if fittest means produ...