SMARTSCORE EXAMS

Work of breathing - resistance - - pressure that is required to overcome the resistance to gas flow through the airway during prespiration Clinical conditions that increase airway resistance - - COPD Mechanical obstruction Infection Asthma, bronchospasm Work of breathing - compliance - - the ability of the lungs to expand is measured as the lung compliance. The volume change per unit of pressure When more muscular effort for work of breathing is required? - - lung compliance is d...

What type of shock can occur with cardiac tamponade? - - cardiogenic shock What type of shock can occur with Severe proinflammatory response to fungal infection? - - septic shock Which happens first in any type of shock? (Less ATP is available for cell function, Cell shifts to anaerobic metabolism) - - cells shift to anaerobic metabolism IV fluid or blood products are administered to expand intravascular volume and thereby improve tissue perfusion by increasing BP, hgb level, and car...

what differentiates benign tumors from malignant tumors - - -grow slowly -have well-defined capsule -are not invasive -are well differentiated; look like the tissue from which they arose -have a low miotic index; dividing cells are rare -do not metastasize What differentiates malignant tumors from benign tumors - - -grow rapidly -are not encapsulated -invade local structures and tissues -are poorly differentiated; may not be able to determine tissue of origin -high miotic index; ma...

The autopsy of a 55 year old revealed an enlarged liver, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. What is the most likely cause of this condition? a. Bacterial infection b. Viral infection c. Alcoholic steatohepatitis d. Drug overdose - - c. alcoholic steatohepatitis In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by: a. acetaldehyde accumulation. b. bile toxicity. c. acidosis. d. fatty infiltrations - - a. acetaldehyde accumulation 54 year old report...

Which statement is true regarding hiatal hernia? A) A mixed hernia is the most common type. B) The least common type is a paraesophageal hernia. C) Paraesophageal hernia is herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach. D) A sliding hernia is triggered by standing and frequent meals. - - Paraesophageal hernia is herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach. H. pylori is discovered in the GI tract of a client experiencing an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Which findings su...

What is the most common cause of death related to sickle cell disease - - infection Results when individual inherits two copies of Hb S in sickle cell disease - - sickle cell anemia Blood disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin - - beta thalassemia Alpha and beta thalassemia is what kind of disorder - - autosomal recessive Beta thalaseemia major is also known as _________ - - cooley's anemia The heterozygous form of beta thalassemia - - beta thalassemia minor -...

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia). The most likely cause is a decrease in: a. ferritin. b. gastric enzymes. c. intrinsic factor. d. erythropoietin - - c. intrinsic factor A 58-year-old female presents in the clinic with fatigue, weight loss, and tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit, a high mean corpuscular volume, and normal plasma iron. These assessment findings are consistent with which ty...

A 51-year-old male is at the health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, he developed substernal pain. He also reported discomfort in his left shoulder and his jaw, lasting 2-3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. He indicates that this has occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion. The nurse suspects he is most likely experiencing: a. stable angina. b. unstable angina. c. Prinzmetal angina. d. myocardial infarction (MI). - ...

A nurse is assessing a newborn infant following circumcision and notes that the circumcised area is red with a small amount of bloody drainage. Which of the following nursing actions would be most appropriate? A newborn has small, whitish, pinpoint spots over the nose, which the nurse knows are caused by retained sebaceous secretions. When charting this observation, the nurse identifies it as: A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the procedure for administering eryth...

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