HBS 2.2 – Neuron Exam prep Review. Latest Update, Accurate.

HBS 2.2 – Neuron Exam prep Review. Latest Update, Accurate. Action Potential - -momentary reversal in electrical potential across a membrane that occurs when a cell has been activated by a stimulus electricity passing through axons Axon - -long nerve cell process conducts impulses away from the cell body TRANSMITS message Dendrite - -branching processes conducts impulses toward the neuron's body RECEIVE info Ion - -atom/group of atoms + or - electric charge gained/lost electrons Myelin sheath - -insulating coat of cell membrane (made of Schwann's cells, interrupted by nodes of Ranvier) Neuron - -nerve cell fundamental unit of the nervous system conducts signals by taking advantage of the electrical charge across its cell membrane Neurotransmitter - -substance (chemical) that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse allows neurons to communicate Synapse - -place at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another Synaptic cleft - -joint between neurons Axon terminals - -branch to meet other neurons Nodes of Ranvier - -function: allow the action potential to go really fast -- a.p. jumps from one node to another (saltitory conduction) 2ndary function: allow nutrients in, waste out interrupts myelin sheath Sensory neuron - -picks up signals through senses sends info from PNS to CNS Interneuron - -connects sensory neurons to motor neurons in CNS Motor neuron - -receives signals from CNS, causing movement in PNS Na + / K+ pumps - -keeps outside of membrane + and inside - active transport Electrical signals - -action potential passes down axon of each neuron WITHIN each neuron