Assessment and Testing - CPCE – Mometrix Question and answers 100% solved

Assessment and Testing - CPCE – Mometrix Question and answers 100% solvedMeasurement a numerical value that has been allocated to a mannerism, attribute, or characteristic on the instrument. The measurement used must be one that is commonly understood by the general population Assessment the process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a human behavior. Assessment Tools tests and inventories; rating scales; observation; interview data; etc. Appraisal implies going beyond measurement to making judgements about human attributes and behaviors and is sued interchangeably with evaluation Interpretation making a statement about the meaning or usefulness of measurement data according to the professional counselor's knowledge and judgment. measures of central tendency the ways of calculating averages (mean, median, and mode) mean the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores Median the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it Mode the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution of scores positive skew A curve or distribution of scores that has extreme scores above the mean that are atypical of the majority of scores; meanmedianmode; tail to the right negative skew A curve or distribution of scores that has extreme scores below the mean that are atypical of the majority of scores; modemedianmean; tail to the left. range the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution inclusive range Highest score minus the lowest score plus 1 Standard Deviation (SD) A measure of statistical dispersion; in testing, how widely spread the scores are from the mean Variance The square of the standard deviation, it is a description of how much each score varies from the mean normal curve A symmetrical, bell-shape that describes the distribution of many types of data; Distribution of Scores 68% - 1 SD 95% - 2 SD 99% - 3 SD Percentile A point on a ranking scale of 0 to 100. The 50th percentile is the midpoint; half the people in the population being studied rank higher and half rank lower. Stanine a method of scaling test scores on a nine-point standard scale with a mean of five (5) and a standard deviation of two (2) standardized score A score that has been transformed into a standard form; occur by converting raw score distributions; they express the person's distance from the mean in terms of the standard deviation. Z-score/T-score Two types of standardized scores z-score a type of standard score that tells us how many standard deviation units a given score is above or below the mean for that group; In this score, the mean is 0 and the standard deviation is 1.0; the range for the standard deviation is -3 to 3; T score standard score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10; with this standard score negative scores are eliminated Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) Used to describe the relationship between two variables measured at the interval or ratio scale of measurement Correlation Coefficient a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1); tells you nothing about cause and effect only about relationship. Bivariate a set of data that has two variables Multivariate involving more than two variables Reliability consistency of a test or measure; the degree to which the test can be expected to provide similar results for the same subjects on repeated administrations Reliability Coefficient the closer a reliability coefficient is to 1, the more reliable the score generated by the instrument; typically range from .7-.95 Stability this is a test-retest reliability obtained using hte same instrument on both occasions - same group tested twice. Equivalence alternate forms of the same test are administered to the same group and the correlation between them is calculated Internal Consistency an attribute of reliability when all items on an instrument measure the same concept; split-half reliability A measure of reliability in which a test is split into two parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared. Spearman-Brown Formula a mathematical formula that predicts the degree to which the reliability of a test can be improved by adding more items Kuder-Richardson Formula Used to calculate interitem consistency when items are dichotomous (yes/no, true/false)