AMLS Final Questions and Answers |verified

AMLS Final Questions and Answers |verified What do you do for pin point pupils and low respirations? Manage airway first, then give Narcan. If a patient who has pin point pupils and low respirations is vomiting, what do you do first? Suction their airway COPD and Pulmonary Emphysema patients usually have a history of what? AFib What does AFib cause? Blood clots, which cause an increase risk for pulmonary embolisms What is the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system? Body's response to low BP. Renin, which is released primarily by the kidneys, stimulates the formation of angiotensin in blood and tissues, which in turn stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. This causes the body to retain water and increase BP. What are the signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism? Sudden onset, SOB, chest pain, increased HR & RR, cool pale clammy skin, pink tinged sputum What are the risk factors for a pulmonary embolism? Bed ridden pt., trauma or surgical pt., prolonged sitting, recent c-section or traumatic delivery, 40 y/o taking oral contraceptives, smokers What causes respiratory alkalosis? Increased O2 Decreased CO2 What causes respiratory acidosis? Decreased O2 Increased CO2 What causes metabolic acidosis? Kidneys aren't removing enough acid from the body, so there is a build up. RR increases to blow off excess. What are signs and symptoms of pericarditis? sharp pain, fever, and ST elevation in ALL leads In pericarditis, what leads have ST elevation? All of them What is the physiological event that comes from anaphylaxis? Vasodilation, swelling, itching How does ARDS effect the alveoli and capillaries? Fluids build up in the alveoli, causing less oxygen exchange at the capillaries What patients do CPAP work best on? COPD and pneumonia Pt. must be AO, maintain own airway, breathing on their own What are other names for normal saline? Isotonic crystalloid solution What drug do you give to an organophosphate poisoning? Atropine What do you give a patient who is actively seizing? Versed or Valium What is another name for Versed? Midazolam If a patient with low blood sugar is actively seizing, which do you fix first? the seizing, then treat the cause If a patient is postictal, do you treat their seizures or what caused the seizure? treat what caused the seizure, so it doesn't happen again What are signs and symptoms of organophosphate poisoning? SLUDGE What type of breathing do you get with DKA? Kussmaul's Do you get Kussmaul's with Hyperglycemic Hyperosmotic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)? No Anytime you see the word anxiety what type of respiratory problem do they have? Respiratory Alkalosis What is the problem with your lung compliance the older you get? It decreases and becomes more brittle What is Proximal Nocturnal Dyspnea? Can't lay down at night without getting shortness of breath What patients generally have PND? CHF What is another name for CHF? Left sided heart failure Fever and history of upper respiratory infection, that also has increased water intake, orthostatic hypotension, and increased urination THINK ABOUT THAT What is wrong if someone has increased urination, increased thirst, low BP, with warm, dry skin? DKA Can an infection increase your temperature? Yes Can an infection increase your blood sugar? Yes If you are a diabetic with an infection, what are you more likely to go into? DKA If I have a fever, HR through the roof, tremors, low BP, and a history of Grave's Disease, how do i manage this? Fluids, continuous 12 lead monitoring, Beta Blockers What happens to Bicarb in metabolic acidosis? Increases What happens to pH in metabolic acidosis? Decreases What happens to CO2 in metabolic acidosis? Increases What is the second process in the pathway of AMLS assessment? Look for immediate life threats What is the first process in the pathway of AMLS assessment? Safety and initial observation What does observing a patient's body positioning indicate? If they are sick or not sick What is one of the most crucial things to do when you suspect a patient has a stroke? look at time, how long they've had symptoms What type of bleeding occurs in a subdural hemorrhage? slow What type of bleeding occurs in an epidural hemorrhage? fast What type of hemorrhage has a thunder clap? subarachnoid What type of hemorrhage has a person experienced if its fast onset, followed by a period of unconsciousness, waking up lucid? epidural What type of hemorrhage has a person experienced that is slow onset, usually several days to a week? subdural If I have urticaria and can't breath, what is going on? anaphylaxis How do you treat anaphylaxis? Remove allergen, ABCs, Benedryl, Epi When does someone need Epi, based on their vital signs? Hypotension, cardiac arrest If someone has two cardiac stints and a family history, what information is most concerning? the two cardiac stints Chest pain, shortness of breath, bed ridden after recent hip surgery, indicates what? Pulmonary Embolosim Red rash and bumps after a knee replacement, indicates what? MRSA What is the number one infection that people get in the hospital after surgeries? MRSA What does a patient (or foreign exchange student) have with a flat rash, ill, fever, nuchal rigidity? Meningitis If a patient has been ill for three days with abdominal cramping and vomiting, not due to alcohol, an epigastric problem, or lower right quadrant, what is likely the problem? Gastroenteritis, or the stomach flu Involuntary leg movement when you flex your neck, or bend your knees your neck comes forward, is usually a sign of what? Meningitis (Brudzinski's sign) Extreme thirst, diabetes, low BP, with 14 respirations a minute, indicates what? Hyperglycemic Hyperosmotic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) A firefighter that was doing overhaul presents with a bitter almond odor on the breath, what do you suspect? Cyanide poisoning If someone has taken a lot of over the counter analgesic and now has abdominal pain, N/V, what over the counter pain med are they likely to have overdosed on? acetaminophen Dark tarry stools are indicative of a bleed where in relation to the stomach? Before Bright red stools are indicative of a bleed where in relation to the stomach? After A bent over patient who has RLQ pain, lower back pain, right leg hurts when it is extended, has what? Appendicitis