Essential Cell Bio- Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers

ions - ANSWER-atoms that gains electrons or lose electrons and become charged ionic bond - ANSWER-bond created from opposite charges; a salt and a non-salt bonded electrostatic attraction - ANSWER-attractive force between oppositely charged atoms, weak in water covalent bonds - ANSWER-electrons are shared between atoms bond strength - ANSWER-measurement of energy required to break a bond hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-electrical attraction between H atoms; these are weak, short term bonds easily broken by heat hydrophilic - ANSWER-water loving hydrophobic - ANSWER-water fearing hydronium ion (H3O+) - ANSWER-water molecule with a proton (an H) added onto it condensation reaction - ANSWER-bond is formed between two -OH groups, water is created hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER-reverse of condensation, a bond breaks, water is consumed fatty acid - ANSWER-hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic, not reactive) + carboxyl (COOH) group (acidic, hydrophilic, reactive) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ANSWER-ribonucleotide energy carrier that is formed through reactions driven by energy released by the breakdown of food stuffs macromolecules - ANSWER-polymers that are constructed simply by covalently linking small organic molecules monomers - ANSWER-small organic molecules. subunits polymers - ANSWER-long chains of subunits