Biological Science BSC-1005 Midterm Questions And Answers

The proposed explanation for a phenomenon is BEST described as: A. a hypothesis. B. a conclusion. C. an observation. D. an experiment. E. a testable prediction. - Answers-A. a hypothesis. Statistical methods make it possible to: A. prove any hypothesis is true. B. reject any hypothesis. C. unambiguously learn the truth. D. determine how likely it is that certain results may have occurred by chance. E. test non-falsifiable hypotheses. - Answers-D. determine how likely it is that certain results may have occurred by chance. A relationship that has been established based on a large amount of observational and experimental data is:A. a fact. B. an assumption. C. a conjecture. D. a theory. E. a hypothesis. - Answers-D. a theory. By 1796 it had been observed that milk maids who had been exposed to cowpox did not succumb to the deadly plague of smallpox that was ravishing both Europe and Britain. From this observation, Edward Jenner was able to construct the world's first successful vaccine. Which of the following statements best fits Jenner's hypothesis that led him to his creation of the vaccine? A. If exposure to cowpox gives immunity to smallpox in milkmaids, then exposure to cowpox should give immunity to smallpox in other individuals as well. B. Exposure to smallpox always gives immunity to cowpox. C. Cowpox and smallpox are caused by the same microorganism. D. If milkmaids exposed to cowpox are immune to smallpox, then cowpox and smallpox are the same disease. E. If exposure to cowpox gives immunity to smallpox in milkmaids, then milkmaids have a natural immunity and their blood should be used to develop a smallpox vaccine. - Answers-A. If exposure to cowpox gives immunity to smallpox in milkmaids, then exposure to cowpox should give immunity to smallpox in other individuals as well.Assume you hear males of a particular species of bird calling in their natural environment and question why they call. You design the follow experiment to try to answer your question. You cage one male individual and record his calling rate in response to four treatments. You vary the sex and species of the birds that your male subject could see. Your treatments are: no birds of the same species; 10 male birds of the same species; 10 female birds of the same species; 5 male and 5 female birds of the same species. The results of the experiment show that the rate at which the male subject called is the same across all four treatments. Which one of the following might represent a null hypothesis that this experimental design could reject? A. Males of your species call less often than do females. B. Males of your species call when called to. C. Males of your species call at a rate that is independent of the sex com - Answers-C. Males of your species call at a rate that is independent of the sex composition of the audience