APCO 1P01 Final Exam Questions with
Latest Update
digital data - ANSWER-discreet data (on/off) two discernible states
(b) - ANSWER-binary bit
(B) - ANSWER-byte
Exabyte (2^60) - ANSWER-Biggest byte
Analog data - ANSWER-continuous data (spectrum) with infinite states; needs to be
digitized to be understood; a bit is a digital representation of data
Numeric Data - ANSWER-Numbers that represent quantities and can be used in
arithmetic operations.
Character data - ANSWER-Letters, symbols, or numerals that will not be used in
arithmetic operations (name, Social Security number, etc.).
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - ANSWER-7 bits for each
character
Extended ASCII - ANSWER-8 bits (allows for 256 characters
Unicode - ANSWER-16 bits for 65000 characters
UTF-8 - ANSWER-will use ASCII (7) or Unicode 16 as necessary
Lossless Compression - ANSWER-a data compression algorithm that allows the original
data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
Lossy compression - ANSWER-not exactly the same (some lost data)
Digital Audio Basics - ANSWER-sound waves are sampled many times by analog to
digital
Digital to Analog - ANSWER-transfers bits to sound waves
high fidelity - ANSWER-is sampled at 44.1 kHz
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) - ANSWER-more compact though no vocals
and needs good speakers; the standard way to store music files
, Phonemes - ANSWER-basic sound unit
Bitmap - ANSWER-tiny rectangular cells; picture element (pixel)
BMP (bitmaps) - ANSWER-Native file format for Windows OS, MS paint;not supported
by most browers b/c file is too big; graphical elements
RAW (professional photography) - ANSWER-36 bits (red, green, blue)
Uncompressed ( huge amount of info) - ANSWER-can transform into other formats to
bee able to share
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - ANSWER-for desktop publishing; is platform
independent (any OS); NO BROWERS; supports true colours
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - ANSWER-the most popular image file
format; can lose quality when compressed; built in compression used on smartphones
What kind of compression is used for TIFF, GIF, PHG - ANSWER-loseless compression
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - ANSWER-simple animations, limited to 256
colours, multiple formats
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - ANSWER-web graphics; public domain format
(free); trillions of colours; lens focuses light to CCD (charge couple device) and light
sensitive diodes called photosites
Photosites - ANSWER-In digital photography, each photosite is a single point on an
image capture chip, equivalent to one pixel; increased gives a higher resolution
Bitmap data representation - ANSWER-uses the RGB colour model; 8 bits R/G/B = 24
bit colour (256 shades of each) 16.7 million shades
Hexadecimal (base 16) 0-9 and A-F - ANSWER-000000 black and FFFFFF white
FF0000 - ANSWER-full red
00FF00 - ANSWER-full green
0000FF - ANSWER-full blue
Selective colour change - ANSWER-used to colorize B+W photos
Cloning - ANSWER-pulls pixels and moves them (for something like zits)
Inpainting - ANSWER-reconstructing lost or unwanted areas in a photo
Latest Update
digital data - ANSWER-discreet data (on/off) two discernible states
(b) - ANSWER-binary bit
(B) - ANSWER-byte
Exabyte (2^60) - ANSWER-Biggest byte
Analog data - ANSWER-continuous data (spectrum) with infinite states; needs to be
digitized to be understood; a bit is a digital representation of data
Numeric Data - ANSWER-Numbers that represent quantities and can be used in
arithmetic operations.
Character data - ANSWER-Letters, symbols, or numerals that will not be used in
arithmetic operations (name, Social Security number, etc.).
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - ANSWER-7 bits for each
character
Extended ASCII - ANSWER-8 bits (allows for 256 characters
Unicode - ANSWER-16 bits for 65000 characters
UTF-8 - ANSWER-will use ASCII (7) or Unicode 16 as necessary
Lossless Compression - ANSWER-a data compression algorithm that allows the original
data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
Lossy compression - ANSWER-not exactly the same (some lost data)
Digital Audio Basics - ANSWER-sound waves are sampled many times by analog to
digital
Digital to Analog - ANSWER-transfers bits to sound waves
high fidelity - ANSWER-is sampled at 44.1 kHz
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) - ANSWER-more compact though no vocals
and needs good speakers; the standard way to store music files
, Phonemes - ANSWER-basic sound unit
Bitmap - ANSWER-tiny rectangular cells; picture element (pixel)
BMP (bitmaps) - ANSWER-Native file format for Windows OS, MS paint;not supported
by most browers b/c file is too big; graphical elements
RAW (professional photography) - ANSWER-36 bits (red, green, blue)
Uncompressed ( huge amount of info) - ANSWER-can transform into other formats to
bee able to share
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - ANSWER-for desktop publishing; is platform
independent (any OS); NO BROWERS; supports true colours
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - ANSWER-the most popular image file
format; can lose quality when compressed; built in compression used on smartphones
What kind of compression is used for TIFF, GIF, PHG - ANSWER-loseless compression
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - ANSWER-simple animations, limited to 256
colours, multiple formats
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - ANSWER-web graphics; public domain format
(free); trillions of colours; lens focuses light to CCD (charge couple device) and light
sensitive diodes called photosites
Photosites - ANSWER-In digital photography, each photosite is a single point on an
image capture chip, equivalent to one pixel; increased gives a higher resolution
Bitmap data representation - ANSWER-uses the RGB colour model; 8 bits R/G/B = 24
bit colour (256 shades of each) 16.7 million shades
Hexadecimal (base 16) 0-9 and A-F - ANSWER-000000 black and FFFFFF white
FF0000 - ANSWER-full red
00FF00 - ANSWER-full green
0000FF - ANSWER-full blue
Selective colour change - ANSWER-used to colorize B+W photos
Cloning - ANSWER-pulls pixels and moves them (for something like zits)
Inpainting - ANSWER-reconstructing lost or unwanted areas in a photo
