NUR 3196 - Module 5 Exam 1 Questions and verified Solutions

TBW 60 - total body water __% of body weight intracellular fluid - fluid within cells 2/3 of total body water extracellular fluid - fluid outside the cell 1/3 of total body water interstitial fluid - the fluid between the cells and outside blood vessels must be maintained to stay hydrated Homeostasis - Internal balance -cations & anions Fluid balance -osmotic equilibrium osmolality - Concentration of particles in a solution tonicity - Measurement of the concentration of IV solutions compared with the osmolality of body fluids pediatrics - -TBW is 75% to 80% of body weight -Susceptible to significant changes in body fluids -EX: Can get dehydrated super quickly Head sinks in shows that baby is dehydrated aging - -Decreased percent of total body water -EX: Have less TBW, Decreased muscle mass, declined renal Aren't aware that they are thirsty or need water Medications (more susceptible to dehydration) edema - Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces edema - Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure, increase in capillary permeability, lymph channel obstruction, increased in capillary hydrostatic pressure are the causes of what? edema - Localized: Lungs/ feet/ legs vs. Generalized whole body sodium - -Primary ECF cation (+) -Regulates osmotic balance -Role in nerve impulse conduction sodium and chloride - ___ and ___ have to stay balanced. They react proportionally. EX: ____ increases - _____ increases chloride - -Primary ECF anion (-) -Regulates osmotic balance -Role in acid-base balance aldosterone - - controls Na concentration ; mineral corticoid released when BP or blood volume decrease, causes Na + and H2O to be reabsorbed Natriuretic peptides - - increase Na & water excretion = hormones produced by the myocardium (heart) ; antagonist of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system; increases sodium and water secretion (decrease in Na+ & H2O) ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - -Water balance maintained by ____ secretion -Found in posterior pituitary, going to increase water reabsorption into the plasma and maintain water balance isotonic alterations in Na+ , Cl-, & Water Balance - balanced plasma 0.9% sodium chloride - isotonic solution Most common a. Fluid Loss: hemorrhage • Sweating • inadequate fluid intake b. Fluid Gain: • Excess IV fluids Hypertonic alterations in Na+ , Cl-, & Water Balance - -increase osmolality -Hypernatremia -H2O deficit in ECF (dehydration) -More salt Hypotonic alterations in Na+ , Cl-, & Water Balance - -decreased osmolality -Hyponatremia -H2O excess in ECF (cerebral edema) -Less salt hypotonic - hypo = hippo = fat cell expands