INS3003 Exam 2 – Bendeck Eam Questions And Answers 100% Verified.

INS3003 Exam 2 – Bendeck Eam Questions And Answers 100% Verified. Post-Cold War Prediction: Mearsheimer - answer(Realists) Didn't know what would happen because no longer had the predictability of the Cold War to guide them Post-Cold War Prediction: Huntington - answer(Liberalists) Very optimistic world was becoming more interconnected and better at cooperation; offer more opportunities for collaboration rather than war Post-Cold War Prediction: Fukuyama - answerEnd of History; Collapse of communism leads to democracy the "end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalisation of western liberal democracy as the final form of human government" 1st Wave of Democracy - answer1776, began in US; developed organically and spread across Europe in 1800s. Dip heading into WWI with rise of fascism and Empires (peaked and dipped) 2nd Wave of Democracy - answerAfter WWII, democracy returned to European States and new states adopted it. Democracy spread across Latin America (goes down in 1960s w/ military coups in Latin America) 3rd Wave of Democracy - answerCoincided with the end of the Cold War. Eastern European satellite states leave communism and become democratic. Resurgence of democracy in Latin America and Africa. 4th Wave of Democracy - answerHope for 4th wave with Arab spring in early 2000s, but did not pan out Fukuyama's End of History - Hegel - answer- First one to use the term, Fukuyama updated it - 3 components to mankind: survival, ability to reason, and natural "spiritedness" that requires recognition - competition led to a history of warfare and Hegel believed democracy would fill that gap How does democracy grant prestige, respect, and recognition? - answerGiving us rights, providing respect, and looking at the individual. Helps us understand the value of an individual, granted that respect and prestige. Same thing for states so seen as "the Great Equalizer" - Grants voice for all Fukuyama's Preeminence of Ideas (reason) - answerOur ability to reason allowed us to work towards a better system. Ideas come before the political system, political structures and economic structures follow. Democracy a product of the history of ideas evolving. Cold War not a battle between hegemons, but a battle of ideologies. Communism fell leaving only 1 ideological power. End of history because no longer need further evolution. Fukuyama's Liberal Democracy - answerRecognising that humans have inherent rights and that governments serve the people Challenges to Fukuyama's Approach - answer- Very western way of looking at the world (democracy developed naturally in the west but would it be natural elsewhere?) - Capitalism has flaws (doesn't work so well for everybody) - No new ideologies? (How can we say we don't discover something new in 100 years?) - Does China represent a challenge, different model (Fukuyama said no bc no one is following the China model) - Religious regimes? (A lot of influence but lacked appeal beyond their own area) Modernisation Theory (Alternative to Fukuyama) - answerSee democracy as direct byproduct of industrial development and the wealth that was created. Cause = development; Effect = Democracy came to be Evidence: wealthiest countries tend to be democratic therefore correlation between wealth and democracy Modernisation Theory - Societies Transformed - answerEmergence of bourgeoisie, proletariat, urbanization, education, and civil society New classes putting pressure on the old system, all of this combined with the concentration in cities and growth of middle class is what led to democracy Challenges for Modernisation Theory - answer- How democratic is China? Wealthy but not democratic - What about poor democracies? Democratic Stability Theory - answerWhat if democracy is not a byproduct of modernisation, but instead modernisation helps stabilise democracies ? Wealth doesn't cause democracy, but helps democracies achieve greater stability