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Forestry Exam || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
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Redwood summer correct answers Organized in 1990, Redwood Summer was a movement of environmental activism aimed at protecting old-growth Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) trees from logging by northernCalifornia timber companies. Headwaters Forest Reserve near Eureka, California is the largest area of...

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  • July 27, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Forestry Exam || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
Redwood summer correct answers Organized in 1990, Redwood Summer was a movement of environmental activism aimed at protecting old-growth Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) trees from logging by northernCalifornia timber companies. Headwaters Forest Reserve near Eureka, California is the largest area of old-growth forest protected as a result of the Redwood Summer protests
Direct action correct answers Direct action occurs when a group of people take an action which is intended to reveal an existing problem, highlight an alternative, or demonstrate a possible solution to a social issue
Northwest Forest Plan correct answers (NWFP) is a series of federal policies and guidelines governing land use on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It covers areas ranging from Northern California to western Washington. The NWFP was adopted in 1994 by the Clinton administration as the outcome of a series of studies and hearings that began in 1993
Stumpage value correct answers value of timber that buyers would pay for standing timber for immediate harvest
Equity vs. efficiency: correct answers Equity) Fairness in distribution Efficiency) No one can be made better while one is being made worse.
Property rights (general definition & what they need to include in a free market system correct answers A property right is an enforceable authority to undertake particular actions in specific domains. The rights of access, withdrawal, management, exclusion and alienation can be separately assigned to different individuals as well as being viewed as a cumulative scale moving
from the minimal right of access through possessing full ownership rights. All of these rights may be held by single individuals or by collectivities. )
Free Market System: Universality - all resources are privately owned and the entitlements are specified
• Exclusivity - benefits and costs due to owning and using the resource should be directed solely at the owner
• Transferability - all property rights should be transferable from one owner to another in voluntary exchange
• Enforceability - all property rights should be secure from involuntary seizure by others
Pareto Efficiency vs. Kaldor-Hicks efficiency correct answers Pareto (Makes at least one person better off without leaving anybody worse off) Kaldor Hicks Efficency (Maximes Social Benefits) Public good correct answers Non excludable, non rivilarious, Free Ride problem, Problem of strategic behavior (Green mail): "I'll cut down this forest if you don't pay me!"
Positive vs. negative externality correct answers An uncompensated cost borne by members of society (or the aspects of the natural world they care about) that comes about as a byproduct of economic exchange, such as through market transactions.) Positive (An unpaid-for benefit to other members of society generated as a side effect or consequence of an economic exchange, such as between a buyer and a seller. EXAMPLE: Open space, viewshed of wildlife,)
Ecosystem service correct answers (Resources and processes provided by nature, Usually treated
as a positive externality.)
Carbon market challenges correct answers Baseline, additionality, leakage, permanence, risk
(no one is going to participate because it's going to cost them a lot of money. There needs to be government intervention to initiate the process of starting a Carbon market because as things currently stand people are self interested and are not in compliance, they aren't actively reducing their carbon.
Mill gate price correct answers price that mill pays 'at the gate' (stumpage plus transportation, harvesting, planning, etc. costs)
Triad Approach (and extensive forestry vs. intensive forestry) correct answers Extensive Forestry: A combination of protected areas and forest plantations. It's a the just right level of forestry management for a long lasting forest.
Commodity based model of economic development vs. amenity based mode correct answers Commodity: Commercially-valuable commodities produced locally form an economic base for the regional with desirable physical and social environments will attract tourists, new residents, and new businesses. Amenity: Areas with desirable physical and social environments will attract tourists, new residents, and new businesses
Social-ecological system: correct answers A socio-ecological system consists of 'a bio-geo-
physical' unit and its associated social actors and institutions. Socio-ecological systems arecomplex and adaptive and delimited by spatial or functional boundaries surrounding particular ecosystems and their problem context.
Sustainable development correct answers a pattern of economic growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come
Sustainable forestry correct answers Sustainable forest management uses very broad social, economic and environmental goals. A range of forestry institutions now practice various forms of sustainable forest management and a broad range of methods and tools are available that have been tested over time.
Montreal Process correct answers Members include 12 countries with 90% of

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