UX FOUNDATIONS – MEMORY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

UX FOUNDATIONS – MEMORY QUESTIONS AN D ANSWERS WIT H SOLUTIONS 2024 Sensory Information Storage (SIS) - ANSWER Sensory Information Storage (SIS) or Iconic/Echoic/Haptic Memory Holds sensory information (image, sound, touch) for a brief period while the brain works on it. Very high resolution. No way to extend this - it is physiological Vision (iconic): < 1 sec Sound (echoic): 3 -4 sec Touch (haptic): ~10 sec Phi Phenomenon - ANSWER the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession Sensory Memory - Checkpoint - ANSWER Your user may recall an image or snippet of sound for a few seconds after exposure. This is very high resolution. The user will then have to DO something with it to keep it longer. The user's brain will fill in the gaps (the Phi Phenomenon), which can make things appear to move. New content will clear the old from memory. Backward masking can make the original content inaccessible, so give the user a moment to process. Short -Term or Working Memory - ANSWER Working or Short -Term Memory (STM) holds the interpretation of the sensory information (sound, image) for about 20 seconds. If a sentence is spoken, SIS holds the sounds, but STM holds the words/meanings. Information is held in STM for processing the following: judgments, meaning, relevance. Repetition can help items to stay in STM. Working or Short -Term Memory Limits: Classically: 7 +/ - (5 to 9) things Recently: 4 +/ - (3 to 5) things 15 to 20 seconds Fragile New information can interfere with current memory Better if chunked. Ideas, such as a word or the content of a sentence, may form a single chunk. Encoding in Short -Term Memory - ANSWER Encoding items in memory usually involves multiple sensory modalities. Short -Term Memory and Signal Detection Theory - ANSWER Limit memory and attention problems by not putting too much on a single screen. Too much 'noise' will distract users from the actionable target. Only 3 to 5 things can be held in STM, and only for about 20 seconds, even when someone is actively rehearsing. Display needed information so users do not have to remember. Short -Term Memory and Response Times - ANSWER HFI Recommends: Response to action on screen: ~150 ms Transition between screens: 2 second maximum, unless expected to be long and with an in -progress message.