NURS6902 CHAPTER 2; ALTERED CELLS &
TISSUE BIOLOGY
Pathophysiology - ANSWER Study of the disorder or breakdown of the human
body's function
Injured cells - ANSWER Injured cells can either adapt and reverse, they may die,
or they can proliferate
Pathogenesis - ANSWER Mechanism that leads to the disease; this is affected by
time, quantity, location, and morphologic changes
Proliferation - ANSWER Cell replication
Differentiation - ANSWER Cell becomes more specialized; ex: stem cell becomes
a blood cell
Cell injury - ANSWER Cell injury leads to tissue injury leads to organ injury
Adaptation - ANSWER Reversible, structural, or functional response to both
normal or physiologic conditions and adverse or pathological conditions
Reversible adaptation - ANSWER Uterus— increases in size during pregnancy;
shrinks back to normal size after baby is born. This is also a physiological
adaptation
Irreversible - ANSWER Nerve damage
Pathological adaptation - ANSWER Ventricular hypertrophy; increase in size of
heart muscle due to hypertension
Atrophy - ANSWER Decrease in cell size and number (shrinkage)
Hypertrophy - ANSWER Increase in the cell size
Hyperplasia - ANSWER Increase in the number of cells; ex— psoriasis, mole,
callous
Dysplasia - ANSWER Cells of a different size, shape and appearance
TISSUE BIOLOGY
Pathophysiology - ANSWER Study of the disorder or breakdown of the human
body's function
Injured cells - ANSWER Injured cells can either adapt and reverse, they may die,
or they can proliferate
Pathogenesis - ANSWER Mechanism that leads to the disease; this is affected by
time, quantity, location, and morphologic changes
Proliferation - ANSWER Cell replication
Differentiation - ANSWER Cell becomes more specialized; ex: stem cell becomes
a blood cell
Cell injury - ANSWER Cell injury leads to tissue injury leads to organ injury
Adaptation - ANSWER Reversible, structural, or functional response to both
normal or physiologic conditions and adverse or pathological conditions
Reversible adaptation - ANSWER Uterus— increases in size during pregnancy;
shrinks back to normal size after baby is born. This is also a physiological
adaptation
Irreversible - ANSWER Nerve damage
Pathological adaptation - ANSWER Ventricular hypertrophy; increase in size of
heart muscle due to hypertension
Atrophy - ANSWER Decrease in cell size and number (shrinkage)
Hypertrophy - ANSWER Increase in the cell size
Hyperplasia - ANSWER Increase in the number of cells; ex— psoriasis, mole,
callous
Dysplasia - ANSWER Cells of a different size, shape and appearance
