Chapter 17: Sudden Illness Complete Questions And Answers Guaranteed Solutions.

Level of Responsiveness - correct answer how well brain is functioning STOP - correct answer Sugar (stroke, seizure), Temperature, Oxygen, Poisoning (Pressure on the Brain) Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) - correct answer blood flow to heart is reduced or cut off; one or more arteries delivering blood to heart becomes blocked Atherosclerosis - correct answer a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on the inner walls Ischemia - correct answer an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles Cardiac arrest - correct answer heart stops beating usually due to ventricles quivering rather than contracting Recognizing Heart Attack - correct answer chest pain (pressure, squeezing, crush), possible radiation of pain into alternate locations, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and lightheadedness Care for Heart Attack - correct answer call 9-1-1, monitor breathing, help into comfortable position, administer aspirin, find out if victim uses nitroglycerin and assist them with it Nitroglycerin - correct answer a vasodialator medication; causes blood vessels to dialate Angina Pectoris - correct answer chest pain which occurs because the heart doesn't get as much blood and oxygen as it needs. Coronary arteries become narrow, limiting blood to meet demands of physical exercise, excitement, emotional upset, eating of a heavy meal, extreme hot and cold temperature exposure, cigarette smoking. Have victim sit down, administer prescribed nitroglycerin. Stroke (brain attack) - correct answer sudden interruption of blood flow to brain due to arteries in the brain that rupture or become blocked; effects can be permanent Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - correct answer mini stroke Ischemic Stroke - correct answer blood vessels become narrowed, clogged with plaque or blood (85%) Hemorrhagic Stroke - correct answer blood vessel ruptures in or near the brain (15%) Recognizing Stroke - correct answer weakness, numbness, paralysis of face or one side of the body, blurred or decreased vision, slurred speech, dizziness or loss of balance, sudden severe, unexplained headache, etc. Care for Stroke - correct answer call 9-1-1, note time first signs appear, monitor breathing, don't give them medication or anything by mouth, reassure victim and keep them warm, if responsive place in comfortable position with head elevated, if unresponsive and breathing - place in recovery position Asthma - correct answer Chronic lung disease (reactive) that inflames and narrows lower airways; causes recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing Recognizing Asthma Attack - correct answer symptoms can range from mild to severe; excessive coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, sitting in tripod position Care for Asthma Attack - correct answer place victim in comfortable position, ask about medication (long term control vs. quick relief Status Asthmaticus - correct answer severe asthma attack - medial emergency Hyperventilation - correct answer fast, deep breathing; common during emotional stress; due to decrease in CO2; caused by untreated diabetes, severe shock, certain poisons, brain swelling, high altitude Recognizing Hyperventilation - correct answer rapid breathing, shortness of breath, tingling or numbness of the hands, feet and around the mouth, dizziness or lightheadedness, spasms of hands or feet Care for Hyperventilation - correct answer calm and reassure victim, take victim to quiet place (or ask bystanders to leave) Fainting (syncope) - correct answer decreased blood flow can be caused by slow heart rate, heart rhythm disturbances, dehydration, heat exhaustion, anemia, bleeding, decreased glucose levels Recognizing Fainting - correct answer dizziness, weakness, seeing spots, visual blurring, nausea, pale skin, sweating Care for Fainting - correct answer prevent person from failing, help person lie down, loosen tight clothing at neck and waist, stay with victim until they recover, monitor breathing, check for injuries, give cool sweetened liquids to drink as tolerated, help victim regain an upright posture, fresh air and cold wet cloth for the face aid recovery Seek Medical Care for Fainting - correct answer if victim has had repeated episodes of unresponsiveness, does not regain responsiveness, faints for no apparent reason Seizures - correct answer a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person appears or acts for a short time; a symptom of epilepsy Epilepsy - correct answer underlying tendency of the brain to produce sudden bursts of electrical energy that disrupt other brain functions Causes of Seizures - correct answer lack of oxygen, heatstroke, poisoning, electric shock, hypoglycemia, high fever in children, brain injury, tumor, or stroke, alcohol withdrawal, drug abuse or overdoes Recognizing Convulsive Seizures - correct answer lasts 1-2 minutes, sudden fall to floor, stiff arm and leg muscles foaming at the mouth, grinding teeth, bluish gray color of the face and lips, eyes roll upward, loss of bladder and bowel control Aura Phase - correct answer The first phase of a seizure involves alterations in smell, taste, visual perception, hearing, and emotional state. This is known as an aura, which is actually a small partial seizure that is often followed by a larger event Tonic Phase - correct answer muscles become stiff Clonic Phase - correct answer muscles jerk uncontrollably Postictal Phase - correct answer altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure; characterized by drowsiness, confusion, nausea, hypertension, headache or migraine, and other disorienting symptoms Prolonged Seizures - correct answer status epilepticus, require immediate medical care, can lead to brain damage, fractures, aspiration, severe dehydration Care for Convulsive Seizure - correct answer do not restrain or hold person down, clear area of anything sharp, loosen ties, scarves, or anything around neck, place something flat and soft under head, turn victim on side, do not try to force mouth open or put anything in mouth, stay with person until seizure ends naturally, ask if there is anyone who should be called to help victim get home, look for medical ID Recognizing Non-Convulsive Seizures - correct answer Last only a few seconds, staring, confused, inattentive, frequent eye blinking, involuntary movements When to Call 9-1-1 for Seizures - correct answer seizure lasts than 5 minutes, second seizure starts soon after first, alertness does not return after shaking, seizure occurred in water, victim injured, diabetic, or pregnant, no medical ID tag found, first time seizure Febrile Seizures - correct answer most often seen in children (6 mo - 5 yrs), caused by high or rapid change in body temperature, does not mean lifetime of seizures; treat by giving the child a tepid (room temperature) sponge bath if fever is excessive Anti-fever medications - correct answer acetaminophen and ibuprofen Diabetic Emergencies - correct answer insulin is a hormone produced by pancreas that assists body in using energy from food; diabetes develops when insulin is either ineffective or lacking Care for Low Blood Glucose - correct answer If the victim becomes unresponsive, call 9-1-1 and give nothing by mouth. Glucagon - correct answer an injected medication that quickly raises blood glucose. Requires physician's prescription. Works opposite of insulin. Many people vomit after receiving it. Recognizing High Blood Sugar (also called Diabetic Ketoacidosis, DKA, Diabetic Coma) - correct answer gradual onset, drowsiness, extreme thirst, frequent urination, flushed skin, vomiting, fruity breath odor (ketones - acid), heavy breathing, eventual unconsciousness. Care for High Blood Sugar - correct answer seek medical attention Abdominal Pain - correct answer Pain in the abdomen that is aching, sharp, or dull, may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation Care for Abdominal Pain - correct answer Give victim clear liquids, give victim an antacid, place a hot-water bottle against victim's abdomen or soak in a warm bath, be prepared for vomiting, keep victim in a comfortable position