CHD Chapter 2
Phenotypes - correct answer ✔observational characteristics
Genotypes - correct answer ✔complex blend of genetic information that
determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics
Gene - correct answer ✔a segment of DNA along the length of the
chromosome
Protein-coding Genes - correct answer ✔directly affect our body's
characteristics
Regulator Genes - correct answer ✔modify the instructions given by protein-
coding genes
Gametes - correct answer ✔sex cells; the sperm and ovum, formed through
meiosis
Meiosis - correct answer ✔halves the number of chromosomes normally
present in the body cells
Zygote - correct answer ✔the cell formed when sperm and ovum unite at
conception
Autosomes - correct answer ✔22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes; matching
pairs (not sex chromosomes)
, Sex Chromosomes - correct answer ✔the 23rd pair of chromosomes
(females:XX, males:XY)
Fraternal/Dizygotic Twins - correct answer ✔the most common type of
multiple offspring, resulting from the release and fertilization of two ova
Identical/Monozygotic Twins - correct answer ✔when one zygote duplicates
and separates into two clusters of cells which develops into two individuals;
they have the same genetic makeup
Allele - correct answer ✔each form of a gene
Homozygous - correct answer ✔when the alleles from both parents are alike;
the child will display the inherited trait
Heterozygous - correct answer ✔when the alleles from both parents are
different
Dominant-recessive inheritance - correct answer ✔only one allele affects the
child's characteristics, or the dominant allele, the other is the recessive allele
Carriers - correct answer ✔heterozygous individuals with just one recessive
allele can pass that trait to their children (they are carriers of that trait)
Incomplete dominance - correct answer ✔a pattern of inheritance in which
both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined trait, or
one that is intermediate between the two
Phenotypes - correct answer ✔observational characteristics
Genotypes - correct answer ✔complex blend of genetic information that
determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics
Gene - correct answer ✔a segment of DNA along the length of the
chromosome
Protein-coding Genes - correct answer ✔directly affect our body's
characteristics
Regulator Genes - correct answer ✔modify the instructions given by protein-
coding genes
Gametes - correct answer ✔sex cells; the sperm and ovum, formed through
meiosis
Meiosis - correct answer ✔halves the number of chromosomes normally
present in the body cells
Zygote - correct answer ✔the cell formed when sperm and ovum unite at
conception
Autosomes - correct answer ✔22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes; matching
pairs (not sex chromosomes)
, Sex Chromosomes - correct answer ✔the 23rd pair of chromosomes
(females:XX, males:XY)
Fraternal/Dizygotic Twins - correct answer ✔the most common type of
multiple offspring, resulting from the release and fertilization of two ova
Identical/Monozygotic Twins - correct answer ✔when one zygote duplicates
and separates into two clusters of cells which develops into two individuals;
they have the same genetic makeup
Allele - correct answer ✔each form of a gene
Homozygous - correct answer ✔when the alleles from both parents are alike;
the child will display the inherited trait
Heterozygous - correct answer ✔when the alleles from both parents are
different
Dominant-recessive inheritance - correct answer ✔only one allele affects the
child's characteristics, or the dominant allele, the other is the recessive allele
Carriers - correct answer ✔heterozygous individuals with just one recessive
allele can pass that trait to their children (they are carriers of that trait)
Incomplete dominance - correct answer ✔a pattern of inheritance in which
both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined trait, or
one that is intermediate between the two
