NU 607 PATHO MOD 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT
What organ regulates potassium - Answer- Kidneys, they excrete it when theres high
levels to keep it regulated
Hyperkalemia - Answer- ICF to EVF shift, low renal excretion
S/S: tall t wave, cardiac arrythmias in general, weakness
Tx: calcium gluconate, dialysis if kidneys is issue
Hypokalemia - Answer- GI or renal disorders cause this/ low intake/ increase body
excretion
S/S: neuromuscular weakness, dysrythmias
Low sodium - Answer- Cell swells, excess water, SIADH
S/S: N/V, cerebral edema if bad
Tx: fluid restriction, sodium replacement, VAPTAN drugs if SIADH
High sodium - Answer- From ICF to ECF, intracellular dehydration*,
S/S: seizures, confusion
Tx: slow isotonic salt free IVF(D5 in water)*
High mag - Answer- Renal failure
S/S: NV, low bp and hr, respiratory depression
Low Mag - Answer- Malnutrition, acoholiam, PPI Use*
S/S: irritable, depression, ataxia, tetany, confusion
Tx: mag sulfate
Low calcium - Answer- Low vit D, blood transfusion, low intake
S/S: chovsteks, trousseus, neuromuscular excitability (spasms)
Tx: replacement, if severe give calcium gluconate
High Calcium - Answer- High parathyroid hormone, bone metatisis, tumors
S/S: kidney stones, heart block, weakness
Tx: IN NS, high phos, calcitonin*
Low phosphorus - Answer- Intestinal malabsorption, refeedinf syndrome, low vit. D,
renal excretion s/s: leukocytosis, pkatelet issues, soft bones
, Phosphorus - Answer- 2.5-4.5; ,In bone, ATP for muscle contraction
High phosphorus - Answer- Chemo, phos high in ECF, renal failure*
S/S: same has low calcium, chov and trosseau signs, neuronexcitability
Tx: aluminum and dialysis if RF
Calcium - Answer- 9-10, most of it in bone
What eletrolytes work inverse - Answer- Calcium and phosphorus
If calcium high, phosphorus low
Sodium - Answer- 135-145
sodium-potassium pump - Answer- a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport
sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell
Potassium - Answer- 3.5-5
Essential for cardiac rythms and IVF regularity
Magnesium - Answer- 1.5-3
Interacts with calcium, in muscles and bones
The body regulated ph with what 3 organs - Answer- Kidneys
Lungs- quickest way to regulate
Bones
buffering systems - Answer- physiological systems that function to keep pH within
normal limits, bings to Hydrogen without changing pH, in the ICF and ECF
carbonic acid - Answer- Bicarb and hgb systems are most important
If pH is 7.4, bicarb and carbonic ratio is - Answer- 20:1
What does the increase of CO2 partial pressure lead to - Answer- More carbonic acid
produced
Lungs do what to regulate - Answer- Decrease carbonic acid/ compensate for changes
in pH by increase and decrease respirations
Kidneys do what to regulate - Answer- Reabsorb and excrete bicarb: make more acidic
or alkaline urine
