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SCSU BIO 120 Exam 1 questions with complete solutions graded A+
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SCSU BIO 120 Exam 1 questions with complete solutions graded A+
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SCSU BIO 120 Exam 1what are the milestones in microbiology through history? - correct answer ✔✔• Pasteurization
• The Germ Theory of Disease
- Vaccination
- Chemotherapeutics and antibiotics
• Microscopy
what did Pasteur show? - correct answer ✔✔microbes are responsible for fermentation
what is fermentation? - correct answer ✔✔the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine
what is responsible for food spoilage? - correct answer ✔✔microbial growth
describe Pasteurization - correct answer ✔✔-the application of a high heat for a short time
-kills most bacteria
what is the "Golden Age of Microbiology"? - correct answer ✔✔time when discovered:
-relationship between microbes and disease
-immunity
-antimicrobial drugs
describe the germ theory of disease - correct answer ✔✔-applying Pasteur's work
-Joseph Lister= microbes cause infection
-Robert Koch's postulates
describe Koch's postulates (4 points) - correct answer ✔✔germ theory of disease
,1. microbe must be present in someone that is ill
2. microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. microbe must cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism
4. microbe must be reisolated from second organism and identified as the original microbe
describe vaccination - correct answer ✔✔-Edward Jenner= cowpox for small pox
-protection= immunity
-taking a microbe that doesn't cause disease but is similar to one that does in order to teach body
immunity
describe chemotherapy - correct answer ✔✔treatment with chemicals
-can be synthetic drugs or antibiotics
describe antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill
other microbes
-do NOT work on viruses
describe the first synthetic drugs - correct answer ✔✔-Paul Ehrlich speculated about a "magic bullet"
that could destroy a pathogen w/o harming the host
-PE developed a synthetic arsenic drug, salvarison, to treat syphilus
who discovered the first antibiotic? (describe) - correct answer ✔✔-Alexander Fleming (on accident)
-Penicillum fungus makes Penicillin, killed S. aureus
what is the area of inhibition? - correct answer ✔✔area between microbial and microbe itself (can't
grow), made by antibiotics most of the time
what is molecular genetics? - correct answer ✔✔the study of how microbes inherit traits
what is molecular biology? - correct answer ✔✔the study of how DNA directs protein synthesis
, what is genomics? - correct answer ✔✔the study of an organism's genes
-provided new tool for classifying microorganisms
describe recombinant DNA - correct answer ✔✔-DNA made from two different sources
-Paul Berg inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA
describe the idea of microbial ecology - correct answer ✔✔bacteria recycle carbon, nutrients, sulfur, and
phosphorus that can be used by plants and animals
describe bioremediation - correct answer ✔✔bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage
-degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury
describe biological insecticides - correct answer ✔✔-microbes that are pathogenic to insects are
alternatives to chemical pesticides in preventing insect damage to crops and disease transmission
-some bacteria are fatal to many insects but not to animals, plants, or humans
what is biotechnology? - correct answer ✔✔use of microbes to produce foods and chemicals
what are "normal microbiota?" - correct answer ✔✔microbes normally present in and on the human
body
what did Anton can Leeuwenhoek do? - correct answer ✔✔described
live microorganisms using a microscope
how are the sizes of bacteria and protozoa expressed? - correct answer ✔✔in terms of
micrometers (µm), one millionth of a meter
what is the approximate size of bacteria? - correct answer ✔✔-a typical spherical bacterium (coccus) is
approximately 1 µm in diameter
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