NURS 2033 Fluid and Electrolyte Notes

FLUID & ELECTROLYTES
ELECTROLYTE REGULATION FUNCTION CAUSES OF DIETARY FOODS
/LOCATION INCREASE/DECREASE

Potassium (K+) 1.ICF/ECF K+ must 1. Helps maintain ICF Hyperkalemia *Must be ingested
*Major cation in ICF- be maintained for osmolality. -Acute kidney failure daily due to body not
Intracellular fluid. neuromuscular 2. Helps carry electrical -Chronic kidney disease conserving it.
**Small amount is found response to stimuli. signals to cells in your -Addison’s disease (adrenal
in plasma & interstitial 2. K+ is vital for body. It is critical to the insufficiency) In fruits, vegetables,
fluid. skeletal, cardiac, proper functioning of -Angiotensin II receptor meats, fish, other
smooth muscle nerve and muscles blockers foods that contain K+.
NORMAL VALUE activity (movement cells, particularly heart -Angiotensin-converting
Serum 3.5-5.0 in/out of cells). muscle cells. enzyme ACE inhibitors
ICF-125-140 3. Aldosterone 3. Skeletal/smooth -Betablockers
increases K+ muscle function. -Dehydration
*Antidote – Kayexalate excretion. 4. Vital for acid/base -Destruction of red blood cells
for Hyper K+. 4. Insulin helps balance (renal due to severe injury or burns
move K+ into cells, excretion/conservation). -Excessive use of K+
tissue damage, & supplements
acidosis shift K+ out -Type I DM
of cells into ECF. _______________________
Hypokalemia
-Alcohol use
-Chronic kidney disease
-DKA
-Diarrhea
-Diuretics
-Excessive laxative use
-Excessive sweating
-Folic acid deficiency
-Primary aldosteronism
-Antibiotic use
-Vomiting


ELECTROLYTE REGULATION FUNCTION CAUSES OF DIETARY FOODS

, /LOCATION INCREASE/DECREASE

Sodium (Na+) 1.Renal absorption 1. Major contributor to Hypernatremia In bacon, ham,
*Most abundant cation or excretion serum osmolality. -Dehydration. processed
in ECF-Extracellular (Controls/regulates 2. Regulates ECF -Sever, watery diarrhea. foods/cheeses, table
fluid. H2O balance). volume & distribution. -Vomiting. salt.
**Necessary part of the 2.Aldosterone 3. Maintains blood -Febrile.
body’s lymph fluids and increases Na+ volume. -Dementia/Delirium.
cells. reabsorption in 4. Transmits nerve -Certain medications.
collecting duct of impulses & contracts -Poorly controlled DM.
NORMAL VALUE nephrons. muscle. -Larger burn areas on the
Serum 135-145 *When Na+ is skin.
reabsorbed from -Kidney disease.
kidney tubules, -Diabetes insipidus.
CL-/H2O are
reabsorbed with it, Can be corrected by using
which maintains IV NS and 5% dextrose in
ECF volume. water.
** If ECF Ca falls, _______________________
parathyroid Hyponatremia
hormone/calcitriol -Medications such as
causes Ca to be diuretics, opioids,
released from antihypertensives, ecstasy.
bones. Calcitonin -Heart disease.
will then stimulate -Kidney & liver disease.
the deposits of Ca in -Hormones imbalance
bone which reduces (SIADH-syndrome of
the concentration of inappropriate anti diuretic
Ca in the blood. hormone); Addison’s disease,
hypothyroidism).
-Chronic/severe diarrhea,
vomiting.
-Excessive water ingestion.

ELECTROLYTE REGULATION FUNCTION CAUSES OF DIETARY FOODS
/LOCATION INCREASE/DECREASE